Търговия 4.0 - наука, практика и образование. Сборник с доклади
Commerce 4.0 - science, practice and education. Conference proceedings
Contributor(s): Violeta Dimitrova (Editor), Dancho Danchev (Editor), Elitsa Gramatikova (Editor), Desislava Grozdeva (Editor), Mihal Stojanov (Editor), Donka Zhelyazkova (Editor), Yulia Hristova (Editor), Hristo Traykov (Editor), Miglena Dushkova (Editor), Violeta Peteva Laskova (Editor), Tsvetnen Tsvetkov (Editor)
Subject(s): Social Sciences, Economy, Education, Psychology, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets, Marketing / Advertising, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
Published by: Икономически университет - Варна
Keywords: commerce;
trade;
economics of commerce;
education in commerce;
trade science
Summary/Abstract: The jubilee international scientific conferences organized by the Economics and Management of Commerce Department at University of Economics-Varna every five years are a long-standing tradition that has proven its place and importance for the academic community. The current conference "Commerce 4.0 - science, practice and education" is dedicated to the 65th anniversary of the Economics and Management of Commerce Department and the 70th anniversary of the “Economics and Commerce” specialty. The celebration of the anniversaries is reason to commemorate with gratitude the founders of the University and the Economics and Management of Commerce Department, who have realized the fundamental role of commerce for the development of the economy and the society as a whole, as well as to pay due attention to the current problems in the development of the theory and commercial practice.
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-954-21-0980-8
- Page Count: 500
- Publication Year: 2018
- Language: English, Bulgarian, Russian
Обучението и науката по търговия – традиции и предизвикателства
Обучението и науката по търговия – традиции и предизвикателства
(Commerce Education and Science – Traditions and Challenges)
- Author(s):Violeta Dimitrova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Education
- Page Range:23-34
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:economics of commerce; education in commerce; trade science
- Summary/Abstract:Celebrating the anniversaries is a good opportunity to address again with gratitude the founders of the University of Economics - Varna and the Department of Economics and Management of Trade who have realized the fundamental role of commerce for the development of the economy and society as a whole. The report follows the history of education and science at the University of Economics - Varna, the creation and development of the Economics and Trade university course and the Department of Economics and Management of Trade, focusing on the educational and scientific results of the last five years. In the light of the new information and communication technologies, the electronisation and digitization of trade processes the challenges facing commerce education and science have highlighted.
Омниканална търговия и омниканални потребители
Омниканална търговия и омниканални потребители
(Omnichannel Retailing and Omnichannel Consumers)
- Author(s):Dancho Danchev
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:37-74
- No. of Pages:38
- Keywords:retailing; omnichannel retailing; omnichannel consumers
- Summary/Abstract:The subject of this paper is the problems of the omnichannel retailing and the omnichannel consumers in the contemporary conditions. The conceptualization of omnichannel retailing is interpreted as a higher stage in the evolution of the commercial business. In this context, some new terms and concepts related to the theory and practice of omnichannel retailing are clarified. Some major trends in the development of omnichannel retailing on a global and national scale are being tracked. Special attention is given to the omnichannel consumers and their behavior, which are summarized in nine main groups.
Достъпът до финансовата инфраструктура като фактор за качеството на търговското кредитиране
Достъпът до финансовата инфраструктура като фактор за качеството на търговското кредитиране
(Access to financial infrastructure as a factor for quality of commercial credit)
- Author(s):Krasimira Naydenova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:77-86
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:commercial credit; credit registers; financial infrastructure; information asymmetry
- Summary/Abstract:Commercial credit secures the bulk of the financing of Bulgarian companies, it exceeds twice the amount of bank lending. At the same time, the access to the financial infrastructure, providing information on the credit history and the financial situation of the Bulgarian companies, is settled and timely for the financial institutions, but related to the overcoming of several obstacles for the other creditors. The resulting information asymmetry, therefore, worsens the credit portfolios of Bulgarian traders and producers and reduces access to finance through commercial credit for emerging companies.
Изследване на връзките на застрахователните компании със застрахователните брокери на пазара за общозастраховане в България
Изследване на връзките на застрахователните компании със застрахователните брокери на пазара за общозастраховане в България
(Analyzing the connection between insurance companies and insurance intermediaries on the non-life insurance market in Bulgaria)
- Author(s):Desislava Racheva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:87-96
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:insurance mediation; non-life insurance market; competitive advantages; insurance service delivery channel
- Summary/Abstract:The growing importance and the role of insurance intermediaries in the realization of insurance services on the non-life insurance market in Bulgaria necessitates their systematic research and analysis. The link "insurance intermediaries - insurance company" should not be seen only as a channel for the realization of the insurance service, but also as a way of information transfer, a source of conflicts and as a way of building a negotiating/bargain power. An on-time and complete analysis of the nature, significance, problems and prospects of this interaction would provide opportunities for building competitive advantages for the insurance companies that set it as the basis for building strategies for competitive positioning and market behavior.
Електронните продажби на облекло и обувки в България – състояние и тенденции
Електронните продажби на облекло и обувки в България – състояние и тенденции
(Apparel and footwear online sales in Bulgaria – current state and trends)
- Author(s):Desislava Grozdeva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:97-107
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:online sales of apparel and footwear; e-commerce; Internet; information and communication technologies (ICT)
- Summary/Abstract:In the era of digitalization and continuous integration of digital technologies into business and everyday life, more and more companies use Internet for e-sales. Offering their products online, retailers can increase their efficiency while reducing costs and increasing the range of goods they sale; and also improve their relationship with the customers. Considering that in Bulgaria and globally as well one of the best selling goods online are apparel and footwear, the aim of this research is to show what are the specifics, advantages and disadvantages for the participants in the online transactions. And thus to analyze the current state and outline the main trends of the apparel and footwear online sales in Bulgaria.
Приложение на регресионния анализ при управление риска в дейността на франчайзодателя
Приложение на регресионния анализ при управление риска в дейността на франчайзодателя
(Application of regression analysis in managing the risk in the franchiser’s business)
- Author(s):Petya Yordanova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:108-115
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:risk; franchiser; risk management; regression analysis
- Summary/Abstract:Modern economic development provides essential challenges that affect the development and behavior of small and medium-sized businesses in the global economic environment. By analyzing the economic system, it can be summarized that the market economy business is carried out under conditions of an economic situation that is not calm and secure but rather dynamic and risky. Developing franchise business is a process that is associated with a continuous transition - in time, participants, money resources. Based on this assertion, the risk and associated management is a continuous cycle of identifying, evaluating and monitoring the various situations that affect the achievement of the operational and strategic goals of the franchisor. In this regard, this report focuses on the most significant advantages and disadvantages of applying the regression analysis based on risk management in the business of the franchisor.Key words: risk, franchiser, risk management, regression analysis.
Прилагане метода „анализ на йерархичните връзки” при съгласуваност на резултатите при оценка на бизнеса
Прилагане метода „анализ на йерархичните връзки” при съгласуваност на резултатите при оценка на бизнеса
(Applying the analytic hierarchy process method to the consistency of results in business evaluation)
- Author(s):Svetoslav Iliychovski
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:116-125
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:value; consistency of results; methods of coherence of results; method of analysis of hierarchical relations
- Summary/Abstract:This paper focuses on the problem of consistency of business performance assessment. The evaluation theory and practice still does not have a single answer to the question of how the assessor should decide this case. The aim of the thesis is to present and approve the method of " analytic hierarchy process " in the coherence of the results in the business evaluation. In this connection, the algorithm of this method is used to synthesize the results and output a final, indicative value of the object being evaluated.
Блокчейн технологията и умните договори в ритейлинга
Блокчейн технологията и умните договори в ритейлинга
(Blokchain and Smart Contracts in Retailing)
- Author(s):Violeta Dimitrova, Milka Semova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:126-136
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:retailing; blockchain; smart contracts; supply chain; trust
- Summary/Abstract:Internet and the development of new communication technologies are the basis for the accelerated evolution of our business ecoenvironment, the nature of the exchange and the relationships among market participants. This paper looks at opportunities and challenges for businesses, and particularly the retail busi-ness, to place blockchain technology and smart contracts in the retail supply chain. The authors' own research findings on trust in blockchain technology are summarized.
Предизвикателства пред обучението на специалисти по търговия
Предизвикателства пред обучението на специалисти по търговия
(Challenges in education for specialists in commerce)
- Author(s):Irina Yovcheva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Education
- Page Range:137-145
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:education; specialist in commerce; development of economists
- Summary/Abstract:Trade is one of the fastest-growing sectors. Goods are becoming more interchangeable, while shopping experience has become a competitive advantage. Digitalization is spreading widely in our lives, commerce and education. The challenge for educational institutions is to adapt the curriculum so that they create opportunities for their students to develop hard skills, for example digital ones and soft skills, such as teamwork, communication and customer service.
Комбиниране на анализ на пазарната кошница с методи за клъстеризиране и RFM анализ
Комбиниране на анализ на пазарната кошница с методи за клъстеризиране и RFM анализ
(Combining market basket anajysis with clustering and RFM analysis)
- Author(s):Yanka Aleksandrova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:146-156
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:market basket analysis; clustering; RFM analysis; association rules
- Summary/Abstract:The association analysis as a data mining technique has been used for a long time for market basket analysis. The application of association analysis in its classic however form does not take into account important customer and transactions features. The paper proposes an approach for the application of association analysis along with clustering and RFM analysis in order to overcome some limitations of the market basket analysis. The results show that the combination of association analysis with other data mining algorithms and RFM analysis provides better opportunities to extract knowledge about jointly purchased products/services compared to applying only an association analysis. Two main groups of variants with two subsets are found for the application of the clustering and market basket analysis – association analysis on sales for customer clusters and clustering after selection by generated association rules. The proposed approaches are implemented in Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services and Visual Studio environment and results are discussed.
Коммерческие угрозы экономической безопасности предприятий молочной отрасли Украины
Коммерческие угрозы экономической безопасности предприятий молочной отрасли Украины
(Commercial threats of economic security of dairy industry enterprises of Ukraine)
- Author(s):Liliya Korchevkaya
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:157-165
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:commercial threats; economic security; dairy industry; enterprise
- Summary/Abstract:The article deals with analysis of commercial threats to economic security dairy industry enterprises of Ukrainian, including: the unfavorable situation in the world milk market, loss of sales markets, high level of competition, lack of awareness among consumers, use of falsifications, price mismatches between producers and trade. The main problems of pricing in the market of milk and dairy products in Ukraine are considered.
Потребителското поведение в предвидимото бъдеще – промени и предизвикателства
Потребителското поведение в предвидимото бъдеще – промени и предизвикателства
(Consumer behaviour in the foreseeable future – changes and challenges)
- Author(s):Violeta Peteva Laskova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:166-176
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:consumer behaviour; homo reciprocans; consumer-activist; adaptive entrepreneurship; connected consumers
- Summary/Abstract:Dynamic and radical changes in the economic and social environment in the second decade of the 21st century have a direct and somewhat dramatic ef-fect on consumers and their behavior. Two main superpowers, technology and globalization, shape the modern reality. They penetrate not only in the material basis of society and in all spheres of public life, but also in the thinking and behaviour of the people. In the modern digital world, everything changes – people, their understandings and values, their lifestyle and consumption. This report ex-amines some key trends and changes in consumer behaviour, namely: intention for a modest and healthy lifestyle (clean living); seeking access, not ownership; the rise of the consumer-activist; intention for health and beauty; intention for adaptive entrepreneurship; desire personalization of the products; sharing econ-omy, etc
Съвременни предизвикателства пред обучението на студенти в областта на икономиката на търговията
Съвременни предизвикателства пред обучението на студенти в областта на икономиката на търговията
(Contemporary challenges to the education of students in the area of economics of commerce)
- Author(s):Miglena Dushkova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Education
- Page Range:177-187
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:education, students; economics; commerce; challenges
- Summary/Abstract:In the context of a demographic crisis in Bulgaria, universities are facing a number of important challenges because of the continued decline in birth rates and the increased emigration of young people abroad. Another problem is that the number of students is decreasing. At the same time universities are facing with globalization of economics and commerce which means that they should apply systematically a particular way of doing things in order to improve training of students and integrate them into new realities of the labor market. In this regard, University of Economics - Varna has sustainable development and it is among the universities, which are providing specialists in the area of commerce through the training of students in “Economics and Commerce” at Department of “Economics and Management of Commerce”. On the basis of it, the author has explored Department of “Economics and Management of Commerce”.
Критерии за позициониране на животозастрахователните компании в съзнанието на потребителите
Критерии за позициониране на животозастрахователните компании в съзнанието на потребителите
(Criteria for positioning life insurance companies in the consideration of consumers)
- Author(s):Pavlina Peeva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:188-195
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:life insurance; consumer attitudes towards; competition
- Summary/Abstract:Life insurance market in EU generates revenue of BGN 695.5 billion in2016. According to FSC data, the premium income of Bulgaria for 2017 is BGN449 206 266, which equals nearly 600% increase compared to 2003. These data show great potential for the development of life insurance in Bulgaria, which is not fully unfold and raise the question about the place of life insurance in the minds of consumers. The reasons can be found in the low income of consumers and lack of awareness of the benefits of life insurance. Therefore, life insurance companies competitive positioning from consumers’ perspective and attitudes towards life insurance are of particular importance for unleashing the potential of the Bulgarian life insurance market. The purpose of this report is to examine and determine the criteria according to which life insurance companies are positioned in the minds of consumers.
Краудфандинг в высшем образовании: новые формы для устойчивого развития
Краудфандинг в высшем образовании: новые формы для устойчивого развития
(Crowdfunding in higher education: new forms for sustainable development)
- Author(s):Elena Konstantinova
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):Education
- Page Range:196-204
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:higher education in Russia; education issues; economics courses; crowdfunding
- Summary/Abstract:Speaking about the modern stage of higher education development in Russia, the reality is the following: the number of budget places for students of economics courses is gradually decreasing. The development of a higher educational institution depends on competent administrative decisions in the sphere of support of those students who have to pay for their studies, are eager to study and exercise the profession after getting a degree. In the article the problems of economics courses in Russian higher educational institutions are considered, the task of using crowdfunding mechanisms in financing of higher education students’ contracts with full recovery of tuition fees is touched upon.
Дигиталните маркетинг тенденции в търговията на дребно и влиянието им върху потребителския избор
Дигиталните маркетинг тенденции в търговията на дребно и влиянието им върху потребителския избор
(Digital marketing trends in retail and their impact on consumer choice)
- Author(s):Elitsa Gramatikova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Psychology, Marketing / Advertising
- Page Range:205-214
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:artificial intelligence; visual content marketing; influencer marketing
- Summary/Abstract:Continuous improvement of information and communication technology drives a rapid development of new digital tools to attract consumer’s attention. Contemporary consumers spend more and more of their time online, therefore digital marketing means are becoming particularly suitable for building long-term customer relationships. The use of various digital communication instruments connects consumers with the brand through a creation of distinctive experiences. This article presents digital marketing trends in retail, paying especially attention on artificial intelligence in customer communications, provision of valuable visual information with content marketing, use of social networks and influencer marketing for making a purchase decision.
Дигитални технологии разтърсват конкурентната структура на търговията на дребно
Дигитални технологии разтърсват конкурентната структура на търговията на дребно
(Digital technologies disrupted competitive structure of retailing)
- Author(s):Yulia Hristova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:215-225
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:competition; competitive structure;digital technologies.;
- Summary/Abstract:Digitization penetrate more and more into the business world, and hence becomes a weapon of competitive struggle between traders. In the development of their competitive strategies, more and more economic agents use the achievements of the digital economy to create a product capable of satisfying the consumer's needs for purchases in convenient place, time and way, which is today's most important source of competitive advantage. In the light of free data and information traffic, the competitive structure of traditional retailing is trans-formed into the application of a omnichannel trading model, intensifying com-petition, cooperation with suppliers, the role of buyers and reducing entry barri-ers in the industry. The purpose of this paper is to describe the disruptive impact of digitalization on the competitive structure of retailing and certain technolo-gies that cause it.
Електронно интегриране на процесите във веригата на доставки в българските предприятия
Електронно интегриране на процесите във веригата на доставки в българските предприятия
(Electronic integration of supply chain processes in Bulgarian enterprises)
- Author(s):Ventsislav Perkov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:226-234
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:e-business; supply chain management; supply chain processes; Bulgarian enterprises
- Summary/Abstract:In this paper is present a theoretical overview of supply chain management ideas. After clarifying the theoretical formulations, the possibilities for electron-ic integration of the supply chain processes are present. In the last third para-graph, Eurostat data analyzed and degree of integration of the supply chain pro-cesses in Bulgarian enterprises. The empirical analysis is made by describing the trends in enterprises in the non-financial sector according to the size of the enterprise. Then the author focuses on the enterprises of economic activity "Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles".
Показатели за ликвидност на фирмите
Показатели за ликвидност на фирмите
(Indicators of liquidity of firms)
- Author(s):Galya Taseva-Petkova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:235-246
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:liquidity; indicators of liquidity; financial analysis
- Summary/Abstract:Liquidity is one of the most important indicators of the financial performance of companies, to which many theoretical and empirical studies are devoted. The article reviews and systematises existing theoretical concepts of companies' liquidity measures. To build a complete and accurate picture of the company's liquidity situation and to avoid a liquidity crisis it is necessary to use a set of indicators.
Индустрия 4.0 – трансформации и стратегически алтернативи пред предприемачеството и управлението на търговската дейност
Индустрия 4.0 – трансформации и стратегически алтернативи пред предприемачеството и управлението на търговската дейност
(Industry 4.0 – transformations and strategic alternatives to entrepreneurship and management of the commercial activity)
- Author(s):Kiril Radev
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:247-256
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:trade; change management; competitiveness; marketing; entrepreneurship; Industry 4.0
- Summary/Abstract:The report sets out the essential features of the Industry 4.0. Special attention is paid to the roles of research and development for the strategic development of trade. The alternatives for improving of the entrepreneurship, logistics activity and competitiveness are examined. Flexible and effective methods are proposed to manage changes in marketing, distribution and for work with the consumers, in context to Industry 4.0.
Иновативни образователни технологии при обучението на специалисти по търговия
Иновативни образователни технологии при обучението на специалисти по търговия
(Innovative educational technologies in the training of trade specialists)
- Author(s):Elitsa Gramatikova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Education
- Page Range:257-266
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:innovation; educational technologies; interactivity
- Summary/Abstract:In 2013, the European Commission launched a program to promote digital competences in schools and universities in order to provide high quality education for learners. According to the Commission's forecasts, by 2020, digital skills will be needed for 90% of community work places. This requires schools and universities to implement new information and communication technologies actively in the education process, thus providing the necessary digital skills to the future labor force. This report reviews the innovative educational technologies that are applied in the preparation of specialists for the Bulgarian and European economy and in particular in the training of trade specialists. There are elucidated interactive presentation systems, distance learning, virtual libraries and laboratories, cloud technologies, added reality, gamification and more.
Интелигентност и търговия
Интелигентност и търговия
(Intelligence and trade)
- Author(s):Yavor Yankulov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:267-276
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:trade; intelligence; emotional intelligence; multiple intelligences
- Summary/Abstract:Intelligence is not the only influence on the work performance, but it is often the most important one. Other factors of impact appear only after the candidates have been selected based on similar intelligence. Does that mean that when choosing sales reps and sales managers we should first and foremost pay attention to intelligence? Let us suppose that is the case, this would significantly alleviate and ease the process of selecting applicants. Academic research has shown that cognitive abilities facilitate the precise execution of tasks for a number of employment positions, especially in work environments requiring complex employment commitments. And sales employment positions are increasingly creating such complex employment commitments. Thus, it can be firmly assessed that intelligence is a major contributing factor, on which depends the salespersons’ success.
Показатели за ефективност на търговските процеси
Показатели за ефективност на търговските процеси
(Key performance indicators of trade processes)
- Author(s):Bisser Katev
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:277-289
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:trade processes; efficiency; key performance indicators
- Summary/Abstract:This paper presents the four steps to create a model for the selection of key performance indicators to assess the effectiveness of trade processes. Decomposed trade processes are related to clients. Key actions are taken to address the risks and opportunities of this process. A multiple map of customer-related activities has been proposed. A data collection plan for performance metrics has been developed. The importance of analyzing performance indicators to improve future work and planning activities for enhancing the competitive position of wholesalers is highlighted.
Методика за оценка влиянието на изменението на референтната стойност на лекарствените продукти, включени в плс върху стойността, заплащана от НЗОК
Методика за оценка влиянието на изменението на референтната стойност на лекарствените продукти, включени в плс върху стойността, заплащана от НЗОК
(Methodology for the assessment of the changes in the reference value of the medicinal products on the value paid by the NHIF)
- Author(s):Silvia Terezova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:290-296
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:reference value; reimbursement; reference pricing; Positive List; National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF)
- Summary/Abstract:The prices regulation of the medicinal products included in Positive Drug List affects the reference value for the DDD/ treatment course. The National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) pays the pharmaceutical products at the value of the final pack, calculated on the basis of the lowest reference value and the reimbursement rate. These changes therefore affect the cost of a public resource. The reference value changes are very dynamic as a result of medicinal products prices changes. These changes are the result of external and internal reference pricing of the medicinal products included in Positive List. It is the dynamics in changes of the reference value that determines the necessity to create a methodology for assessing its impact on the value paid by NHIF.
Омниканална стратегия за електронна търговия с бързооборотни потребителски стоки (БОПС)
Омниканална стратегия за електронна търговия с бързооборотни потребителски стоки (БОПС)
(Omni-Channel E-commerce Strategy for Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG))
- Author(s):Irina Yovcheva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:297-306
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:omni-channel strategy; e-commerce; fast moving consumer goods
- Summary/Abstract:E-commerce is constantly rising worldwide. According to the National Statistics in Bulgaria over the past 6 years, the percentage of enterprises received online orders and those who have purchased goods and services online has increased. The increase is a result from the benefits both for the seller and the buyer. Companies use different strategies to attract customers and create brand loyalty, one of them is omni-cannel. The implementation of this strategy to the FMCG market is evidence of building customer confidence as part of the relationship marketing strategy and tools.
On measurement of education quality at universities
On measurement of education quality at universities
(On measurement of education quality at universities)
- Author(s):Marek Rocki
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education
- Page Range:307-315
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:measurement of education quality; careers; data analysis
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of the present study is to present the possibilities of analysis of education quality at universities based on the data related to graduates, in particular, information about the first job seeking time, remuneration and experience of unemployment. The data are collected and provided by the National Monitoring System of Professional Careers of University Graduates. The author claims that these data indicate the quality of education and may be used to conduct internal university analyses as well as to draw conclusions for the tertiary education system. The introduction discusses problems related to the measurement of education quality, the next section refers to the determinants of conclusions based on the data collected in the system and is followed by an example of analysis of such data with regard to the “new” fields of study.
Оптимизиране на транспортните разходи чрез многопродуктова транспортна задача
Оптимизиране на транспортните разходи чрез многопродуктова транспортна задача
(Optimizing the transportation costs by means of multi-product transportation problem)
- Author(s):Rosen Nikolaev, Tanka Milkova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:316-324
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:optimization; transportation costs; transportation problem
- Summary/Abstract:In the present paper some possibilities for construction and application of various modifications of the well-known transportation problem are proposed aiming the minimizing of the transportation costs for transferring the material flows between suppliers and consumers. The transportation costs are usually a significant part of the total logistical expenses and each logistic system has its own specifics and characteristics for transportation of materials, goods and products. This gives opportunities for applying different optimization models and methods which concern most of all the particular characteristics of every economic situation.
Особености на продукта и на елементите на електроенергийния пазар
Особености на продукта и на елементите на електроенергийния пазар
(Product features and electricity market elements)
- Author(s):Nevena Petrova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:325-335
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:electricity; electricity market; Energy and water regulatory commission
- Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to discuss the electricity in terms of its characteristics defining it as a product or service and to look at the interconnected elements of the electricity market under liberalization conditions. In the course of the theoretical overview, the view is reached that electricity can be regarded both as a product and as a service, since, on the one hand, generation and consumption of electricity coincide at a time, and it gives it the features of a service and, on the other hand, is a product of electricity generation that classifies it as a commodity. The study also addresses the interconnected elements of the electricity market, defined in the Electricity Trading Rules of the Energy and water regulatory commission, which are limited to: electricity market through bilateral contracts concluded outside the electricity market; stock market of electricity; balancing energy market; and the market for the provision of interconnection capacity.
О логистических преимуществах России и Болгарии в международных цепях поставок
О логистических преимуществах России и Болгарии в международных цепях поставок
(Regarding the logistics advantages of Russia and Bulgaria in international supply chains)
- Author(s):Iurii Egorov
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:336-339
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:logistics; marketing; planning; supply chain management; innovation; international integration
- Summary/Abstract:The article analyzes the logistics opportunities for the development of Russian and Bulgarian organizations in terms of optimization of international supply chains. Logistics is considered as a method of gaining competitive and innovative advantages in the context of international integration. The advantages of the Russian and Bulgarian economy are seen in the possible maintenance of transit traffic flows, the creation of international distribution centers.
Планиране на търговския асортимент: преглед на литературата и практиката
Планиране на търговския асортимент: преглед на литературата и практиката
(Retail assortment planning: review of literature and practice)
- Author(s):Simeonka Petrova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:340-350
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Assortment Planning; Demand Models; Shelf-space; Subs-titution of Goods
- Summary/Abstract:Assortment planning is a process of selecting types and number of product to be kept from a given product line and also to determine the optimal level of inventory of these products. The goal of assortment planning is to specify an assortment that maximizes sales or gross margin subject to various constraints, such as a limited budget for purchase of products and limited shelf space. The assortment optimization problem in the literature and practice varies because of the type of demand and supply models considered by the authors or because of the context of the problem considered. Various authors have developed models in past that cater to various objectives associated with shelf-space allocation and assortment decisions. In the current work, the assortment planning problem dealt by various researchers primarily with shelf-space and substitution effect consideration will be reviewed.
Российская компания-ритейлер „Mагнит” как пример эффективного управления торговой сетью
Российская компания-ритейлер „Mагнит” как пример эффективного управления торговой сетью
(Russian company-retailer “Magnit” as an example of efficient management of the trading network)
- Author(s):Anna Egorenko
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:351-358
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:company-retailer; market capitalization; shares
- Summary/Abstract:The article analyzes the success story of the largest Russian company-retailer Magnit. The specificity of the development of the company as a small company that sells household chemicals, considered the problem of effective management of the trading network, development strategy. Analyzed the problems encountered by the „Magnet“ in 2017.
„Шоков растеж” – единствената алтернатива за просперитет на модерна България
„Шоков растеж” – единствената алтернатива за просперитет на модерна България
(“Shock growth” – the only alternative for the prosperity of modern Bulgaria)
- Author(s):Tsvetnen Tsvetkov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:359-367
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Bulgarian economy; ways of modernization; “concept of growth shock”
- Summary/Abstract:Аnalysis of the development of the national economy twenty-five years after the transition has been made. It reaches conclusions about the tragic situation of the Bulgarian economy. Conceptual ways for saving and modernization are sought. It reaches the conclusion that the imposition of a “concept of growth shock” as the only alternative to the prosperity of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian economy.
Пазаруването – ползи и мотивация на българския потребител
Пазаруването – ползи и мотивация на българския потребител
(Shopping – benefits and motivation of Bulgarian customer)
- Author(s):Violeta Galabova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:368-377
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:motivation; shopping, benefits; utilitarian; hedonic
- Summary/Abstract:This paper presents the results of an empirical survey of the benefits and sopping motivation of the Bulgarian customer. The research is based on the understanding that consumers may shop under an experiential or a task-focused shopping orientation and the sopping motivation is two types: motivation, related to buying products and motivation, related to the activity satisfaction itself. The survey results show a significant difference in motivation when shopping food and non-food goods, and that the Bulgarian consumer is predominantly driven by utilitarian motives when shopping. Satisfaction with shopping activity is mainly related to the possibility of entertainment, the possibility of moving and looking at new goods.
Предизвикателства пред приложението на модели за управление на клиентски портфейли
Предизвикателства пред приложението на модели за управление на клиентски портфейли
(Challenges for the Application of Customer portfolio models)
- Author(s):Evgeni Stanimirov, Viktoria Stancheva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:378-385
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:customer portfolio; CRM; challenges
- Summary/Abstract:Recent years have witnessed the introduction or use of a number of cus-tomer portfolio models. Тheir popularity can be explained by their importance and possible positive effects for the business. However, the existing models still have some deficiencies and face some challenges. The paper systematizes the challenges for the application of customer portfolio models and identifies some areas for continuous improvement of the models.
Шоурумингът като омниканално предизвикателство в конкурентната борба между търговците
Шоурумингът като омниканално предизвикателство в конкурентната борба между търговците
(Showrooming as a competitive omnichannel retail challenge)
- Author(s):Mariyana Kateva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:386-396
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:omnichannel retail; showrooming; ROPO-effect; trade strategy; brick-and-mortar stores; online stores
- Summary/Abstract:The report clarifies the meaning of the term „showrooming“ as a trend merging the boundaries between brick-and-mortar and e-commerce. The author maintains the thesis that an omnichannel strategy helps retailers to deal with both horizontal and vertical competition. Both the ROPO effect and the showrooming are a tendency in consumer omnichannel behavior. The forecasts of major consultancy companies, such as Colliers, are that by 2021 the growth rate of online commerce will shrink from 11% per year to 7%. They inevitably give rise to the need for more online retailers to open a brick-and-mortar stores in order to keep, to stimulate and to increase consumer loyalty.
Умни магазини
Умни магазини
(Smart retail outlets)
- Author(s):Mihal Stojanov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:397-406
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:smart shop; smart technologies; information and communication technologies (ICT)
- Summary/Abstract:Smart retail outlets are stores that in their business have implemented technological solutions improving the process and increasing the efficiency of trade. They successfully integrate digital information and communication technologies into the commercial business, the use of which generates diverse direct and indirect economic and social effects. The paper contains an overview of some of the popular and applied to the present technological and organizational innovations in trade, which are part of the transformation to Commerce 4.0. Their introduction into commercial operations and processes is a natural response to rationalization, automation and similar evolutionary changes in the whole economic and social system.
Smart technologies in Estonian retailing
Smart technologies in Estonian retailing
(Smart technologies in Estonian retailing)
- Author(s):Heve Kirikal, Liina Maasik
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:407-415
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Sales area; labour shortages; unemployment; smart technologies; self-service box; e-shop; mTasku
- Summary/Abstract:In 2016, the sales area per capita in Estonia was 1.14 m², ranked 13th among the countries of Europe. The sales area in Estonia is growing even further. New makers are coming to the market from Poland and Germany (Pepco and Lidl). Sales growth is increasing. If in 2016 sales increased by 6.8% compared to the previous year, then in 2017 it was already 8%. Competition is intense, new shopping centres are opening. The completion of four commercial projects will increase sales space by 40%. According to 2017, unemployment was the lowest in the euro area for nine years (8.5%). Estonia also faces labour shortages, unemployment is 5.4% (2018, Qtr II). Tight competition and increasing labour shortages force the search for help with smart technologies.
Структурни проблеми на съвременната пазарна система
Структурни проблеми на съвременната пазарна система
(Some structural problems of contemporary market system)
- Author(s):Hristo Traykov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:416-422
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:unproductive entrepreneurship; particracy; bullshit jobs; transfer of risk
- Summary/Abstract:This article deals with some structural problems of contemporary capitalism, caused by toxic mixture of unproductive entrepreneurship and the use of political and tax regulations for increasing the market power by leading corporations. The redirection of public resources and transfer of risk to the productive part of society, creating particracy by using public funds are causing structural problems on the labor market, where part of the jobs are meaningless. The myth of entrepreneurship as a driving engine of capitalist system is colliding with the rise of destructive entrepreneurship and decline of labor productivity.
Структура на интелектуалния капитал в търговията на дребно
Структура на интелектуалния капитал в търговията на дребно
(Structure of intellectual capital in retail trade)
- Author(s):Ivanka Nikolova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:423-431
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:intellectual capital; chains of stores
- Summary/Abstract:In a knowledge economy competitive advantages are achieved and retained mostly through the strategic management of intellectual capital. The aim of the paper is to present the current structure of intellectual capital in leading consumer goods chains of stores in Bulgaria. Descriptive analysis of a questionnaire survey, conducted among managers at different managerial levels in established chains of stores in the country, is used. The specialized literature related to intellectual capital suggests structures of intellectual capital in different economic sectors which are based on the methodology of Goeran Roos, Stephan Pike and Lisa Fernstroem. In a previous publication the author presents a model for the identification of intellectual capital in retail trade. The present paper presents the results from the verification of the suggested model for identification of intellectual capital in retail trade. The practical contribution relates to outlining the significant elements of intellectual capital in chains of stores.
Исследование динамики продаж садового оборудования и инструмента с помощью CASIO FX-CG20
Исследование динамики продаж садового оборудования и инструмента с помощью CASIO FX-CG20
(Study of sales dynamics of garden equipment and tools using CASIO FX-CG20)
- Author(s):Anna Alekseeva
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:432-436
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:sales dynamics; application experience; CASIO graphic calculator; equipment; tools
- Summary/Abstract:The article describes the experience of application of modern graphics calculators CASIO fx-CG20 in the process of studying the dynamics of sales of garden equipment and tools.
Проучване на пазара на черупкови плодове в област Варна
Проучване на пазара на черупкови плодове в област Варна
(Survey of the nut market in Varna region)
- Author(s):Maria Tokusheva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:437-448
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:survey; nut market
- Summary/Abstract:Modern merchants conduct multi-face research to identify customers' interest in the products and services they offer in both conventional and digital space. This is why the interest in marketing research based on the survey approach is also growing, and the actual market expectations that the company focuses on have to be ascertained. This paper aims to present a survey of the nut market in Varna region to help uncover the main consumer segments and their products and on this basis to design the operating system of the enterprise to ensure its effectiveness.
Предстоящата икономическа криза 2019-2020 г.
Предстоящата икономическа криза 2019-2020 г.
(The forthcoming economic crisis 2019-2020)
- Author(s):Hristo Traykov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:449-455
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:global economic crisis; debt; interest rates; market discount function; cash/debt; P/E ratios
- Summary/Abstract:This paper provides arguments for the forthcoming global economic crisis at the end of 2019. The potential of the crisis is due to the rise of the debt of households, companies and growing interest rates on one hand and the global oversupply of goods and services due to artificially maintained low interest rates and the monetary expansion on the other. In addition data about cash/debt ratios for USA and China economies as well P/E ratios for the main market indexes is provided.
Пазарът на птиче месо – състояние и перспективи
Пазарът на птиче месо – състояние и перспективи
(The market of poultry meat – state and perspectives)
- Author(s):Petranka Midova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:456-463
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Characteristics of the market in poultrymeat; production and consumption of poultrymeat; imports and exports of poultrymeat
- Summary/Abstract:Poultry meat consumption continues to grow rapidly in almost all countries of the world, including Bulgaria. This is due to the biological characteristics of the birds and the excellent nutritional and gustatory properties of the poultry meat, which makes it suitable for all age groups. In order to determine the situation on the market of poultrymeat in Bulgaria and the place of our country on the world market, a market analysis and a practical study of this market have been carried out. Our country has been at one of the top places in the world in the production and export of holdings having poultry products. Today, it became the importer of poultrymeat by the exporter. This shows that there is a real basis for developing the production of poultrymeat and products, that this sector has a future which is related to changes in both production and sale of production.The main objective of the present development is to bring the specificities of the poultrymeat market in Bulgaria,the production of poultrymeat, both import and export of poultrymeat. In conclusion, some of the trends in the poultrymeat market are being taken out.Key words: Characteristics of the market in poultrymeat, production and consumption of poultrymeat, imports and exports of poultrymeat.
Специфика на омниканалната търговия на луксозни стоки
Специфика на омниканалната търговия на луксозни стоки
(The specificity of the omnichannel lixury retail)
- Author(s):Nadezhda Dimova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:464-473
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:luxury goods; luxury brand; consumer behavior; omnichannel retail; specifics
- Summary/Abstract:Digitization poses a number of challenges for traders. They change their trading strategies and tactics to attract more and more loyal customers. The struggle is really fierce, so simultaneous online and offline selling is just a normal evolutionary step that will inevitably change both the companies and the way of doing business, as well as the consumer behavior itself. On the other hand, luxury goods require the application of specific behavior to both companies and consumers, sometimes even the complexity of omnichannel retail.
Пазарът на вино в България – анализи и перспективи за развитие
Пазарът на вино в България – анализи и перспективи за развитие
(The wine market in Bulgaria – analyzes and perspectives for development)
- Author(s):Iliyan Georgiev
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:474-482
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:wine market; wine production; wine export; wine consumption
- Summary/Abstract:Bulgaria has traditions in the production and consumption of wine. In our country are grown high quality varieties of grapes that are competitive on the European and world market. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the state of the Bulgarian wine market. In order to achieve the goal, the traditional features of the wine market in Bulgaria, the areas with vineyards and grape varieties grown on them are distinguished in a theoretical aspect. The empirical analysis is conducted in the following three directions – wine production, wine export and wine consumption. In conclusion, on the basis of the analysis, the perspectives and the directions for development of the wine market in Bulgaria are presented.
Нещата в транспорта започват да мислят
Нещата в транспорта започват да мислят
(Things in transport start to think)
- Author(s):Donka Zhelyazkova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:483-491
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Transport; Intelligent Transport Systems; Autonomous Transport Vehicles; Internet Applications
- Summary/Abstract:The present study aims to reveal the place of transport in the context of the concept of digital transformation of the economy and it to examine some examples in this direction that contribute to its digital development. Underlying the current changes in the economy is the crisis in the period 2007-2010, which is considered the forerunner of the forthcoming end of the wave of information and telecommunications technologies, which is in fact the fifth in line with the theory of the long waves of Kondratiev. Specifically, in the transport sector, digitization is based on such achievements as: Intelligent Transport Systems, Autonomous Transport Vehicles, Internet Applications, Self-Enough Production Systems, etc.
Утилитарни и хедонистични възприятия на потребителите към цената
Утилитарни и хедонистични възприятия на потребителите към цената
(Utilitarian and hedonistic perceptions of consumer to the price)
- Author(s):Borislav Atanasov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:492-500
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:utilitarian; hedonistic perceptions; price; consumer behavior
- Summary/Abstract:To a certain extent, the consumers’ perceptions for the price level in the retail trade predetermine also their decisions for purchase because the price is an element, which is compulsory present in all sale-trade. The consumers’ decision for purchase is associated with the action of both utilitarian and hedonistic price perceptions because they built up their general assessment for the price. On the other hand, the consumers’ perceptions to the price are associated also with the manifestation of internal and external reference prices influencing on consumer choice. In this study, the utilitarian and hedonistic perceptions of the consumers to the price and their manifestation in the purchase process are identified based on the literature review and analysis of conducted empirical studies.
