ISTROS
ISTROS
Publishing House: Editura Istros - Muzeul Brailei
Subject(s): History
Frequency: 1 issues
Print ISSN: 1453-6943
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- Issue No. XXVIII/XXVIII
- Year: 2022
- Volume: XXVIII
- Number: XXVIII
Articles list
The Scythian Campaigns to the Ancient East and Caravan Mounds in Ukraine
The Scythian Campaigns to the Ancient East and Caravan Mounds in Ukraine
(The Scythian Campaigns to the Ancient East and Caravan Mounds in Ukraine)
- Publication: (XXVIII/XXVIII/2022)
- Author(s): Sergei A. Skoryi, Vitaliy N. Okatenko
- Contributor(s):
- Language: English
- Subject(s): History, Archaeology
- Issue: XXVIII/XXVIII/2022
- Page Range: 1-17
- No. of Pages: 17
- Keywords: Scythian campaigns in ancient East; Ukrainian Forest-Steppe; Caravan mounds with east imports;
- Summary/Abstract: The article, in general terms, presents the theme of the Near East campaigns of the northern nomads (beginning of the 7th – beginning of the 6th centuries BC) in Transcaucasia and Asia Minor. This is reported by written sources – Assyrian cuneiform tables of the time of King Esarhaddon, biblical tradition, ancient evidence (primarily, Herodotus), as well as archeological data.
Harmony With Fashion. In the Earliest Graves in the Komini Necropolis, North Montenegro
Harmony With Fashion. In the Earliest Graves in the Komini Necropolis, North Montenegro
(Harmony With Fashion. In the Earliest Graves in the Komini Necropolis, North Montenegro)
- Publication: (XXVIII/XXVIII/2022)
- Author(s): Jelena Cvijetić, Marija Ljuština
- Contributor(s):
- Language: English, Romanian
- Subject(s): History, Archaeology, Ancient World, Prehistory
- Issue: XXVIII/XXVIII/2022
- Page Range: 19-34
- No. of Pages: 16
- Keywords: Northern Montenegro; Komini; necropolis; fibulae; La Tène period;
- Summary/Abstract: The paper presents observations about the beginnings of burials in the old necropolis of the settlement in Komini near Pljevlja, which is known in scientific literature as Municipium S… It is broadly believed that the earliest burials at Necropolis I were chronologically positioned in the 1st century AD or as early as the 1st century BC. Still, with a more detailed insight into archaeological material from graves discovered in 1973, which has not been thoroughly analysed up to now, data were obtained indicating that the earliest burials in Komini should be dated as early as the end of the 4th and the beginning of the 3rd century BC. These observations are even more significant because until now there have not been any data about funerary practice and grave forms for the period of the Late Iron Age in this area;
Veriga Lipsă. Descoperiri Padea-Panagjurski Kolonii din nord-vestul României. Pumnalul de tip sica de la Sighiștel, Bihor
Veriga Lipsă. Descoperiri Padea-Panagjurski Kolonii din nord-vestul României. Pumnalul de tip sica de la Sighiștel, Bihor
(The Missing Link. Padea-Panagjurski Kolonii Discoveries in North-Western Romania. The sica-type dagger from Sighiștel, Bihor County)
- Publication: (XXVIII/XXVIII/2022)
- Author(s): Cătălin Borangic, Călin Ghemiş, Ștefan Lipot
- Contributor(s):
- Language: English, Romanian
- Subject(s): History, Archaeology, Military history, Ancient World
- Issue: XXVIII/XXVIII/2022
- Page Range: 35-80
- No. of Pages: 46
- Keywords: sica dagger; jasper; Dacians; poaching; military elite;
- Summary/Abstract: This article presents a recent discovery of a curved sica-type dagger. These weapons were part of the panoply of the warriors who built a cultural phenomenon known today, conventionally, as Padea-Panagjurski Kolonii, which began at the end of the 4th century BC and lasted until the conquest of the Dacian Kingdom by the legions of Emperor Trajan (106 AD).The dagger was discovered with a metal detector in the radius of Sighiștel village, Câmpani commune, Bihor County. The artifact belongs to type “C” of these daggers, and it is exceptional both in its manner of manufacture and in its place of discovery. On the blade of the dagger there was engraved an ornamentation specific to this type of weapon, namely the heads of a couple of facing birds, decorated with circles. Small pieces of semi-precious stone, most likely red jasper, were set into these recessed circles.The discovery of this dagger in the region signals the presence, sometime between the 2nd century BC and the beginning of the 1st century AD of a powerful warrior leader. It is the first discovery of its kind in a region very rich in hoards of Dacian silver coins and ornaments. The dagger completes the local landscape with the political, military and social landmarks existing in the rest of the Dacian Kingdom, being a real link between the center of the kingdom and the lands to the north.
Aşezarea getică de la Coslogeni – Măgura lui Negoiță (jud. Călărași)
Aşezarea getică de la Coslogeni – Măgura lui Negoiță (jud. Călărași)
(The Getic Settlement of Coslogeni – Magura lui Negoiță)
- Publication: (XXVIII/XXVIII/2022)
- Author(s): Anișoara Topârceanu, Valeriu Sîrbu
- Contributor(s):
- Language: English, Romanian
- Subject(s): Archaeology, Ancient World
- Issue: XXVIII/XXVIII/2022
- Page Range: 81-107
- No. of Pages: 27
- Keywords: settlement; dwellings; huts; pits; fireplaces; Getae; 4th-3rd centuries BC;
- Summary/Abstract: We intend to present essential data regarding the Getic settlement of Grădiștea Coslogeni-Măgura lui Negoiță, from Călărașului Moorland (Balta Călărașului), systematically excavated in 1997-1998. In the Getic settlement, there have been identified, through an area of circa 100sqm, 11 complexes: 5 surface dwellings, 2 huts and 4 pits. The local Getae population, dated to have lived during the 4th – 3rd centuries BC, can be understood only in the context of the Getic settlements of Călărașului Moorland and with those of both Danube banks, as far as the archeological finds reveal the big number of similar features in the evolution of this area in the 5th-1st centuries BC.
Carierele de calcar din zona Măgurii Călanului în lumina datelor Lidar
Carierele de calcar din zona Măgurii Călanului în lumina datelor Lidar
(The Limestone Quarries in the Area of Măgura Călanului in the light of Lidar Data)
- Publication: (XXVIII/XXVIII/2022)
- Author(s): Aurora Pețan
- Contributor(s):
- Language: English, Romanian
- Subject(s): History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Issue: XXVIII/XXVIII/2022
- Page Range: 109-211
- No. of Pages: 103
- Keywords: ancient quarries; limestone; Dacian epoch; Roman epoch; LiDAR; Măgura Călanului;
- Summary/Abstract: Under the name of Măgura Călanului is known in the reference literature a hill located on the administrative-territorial units Călan and Mărtinești from Hunedoara County, where traces of limestone quarrying have been identified as early as the 19th century, linked to the monumental ashlar masonry in the Dacian fortresses in the Șureanu Mountains. The most impressive quarries are in the south-western area of the hill, but the traces are not limited to Măgura hill, they are spread over a surface of about 2500 ha, on the territory of the villages of Sântămăria de Piatră, Valea Sângeorgiului, Măgura, Jeledinți, Petreni and Totia. This surface coincides with the geological area of the oolitic limestones of Sarmatian age from the lower course of the Strei river. The number of points bearing traces of stone extraction is very large and it represents the result of the more or less organized activities of limestone quarrying, starting in Antiquity and until the 20th century. An inventory of these places has never been done so far: historians only know about the quarries from the south-western area of the hill (even those, partially) and, recently, a few spots were signaled on its eastern side. This study is based on land observations and on the use of a LiDAR-derived digital terrain model (DTM). Several dozen places have been checked on the terrain, on the territory of the six villages, but the wide surface, the complexity of the relief and the unexpectedly high density of exploitation traces have limited this investigation. In order to have a complete picture, a long-term project is needed, with a large team. Nevertheless, the results are significant and bring this area into a new light. Not only that the analysis of the DTM led to identifying numerous novel quarries from various epochs, but it offered exceptional information on the Dacian-epoch quarries, whose organization and functioning should be priority topics of research in the future.
„Tezaurul” de fibule descoperit în zona Ocnele Mari/ Ocnița, jud. Vâlcea
„Tezaurul” de fibule descoperit în zona Ocnele Mari/ Ocnița, jud. Vâlcea
(The “Treasure” of Fibulae found in Ocnele Mari / Ocnița Area, Vâlcea County)
- Publication: (XXVIII/XXVIII/2022)
- Author(s): Valeriu Sîrbu, Dragoş Măndescu
- Contributor(s):
- Language: English, Romanian
- Subject(s): History, Archaeology
- Issue: XXVIII/XXVIII/2022
- Page Range: 213-255
- No. of Pages: 43
- Keywords: Ocnele Mari-Ocnița (Dacian Buridava); Pre-Roman Dacia; fibulae; tipology; chronology; significance;
- Summary/Abstract: The article represents the first stage of the scientific capitalization of an important batch of fibulae (71 copies!), found with the metal detector in 2013-2015 on the territory of Ocnele Mari (Vâlcea County), most likely in the Geto-Dacian site of Ocnița (Dacian Buridava) and around it. Along with several hundred other archeological pieces found in the same conditions, the fibulae entered the collection of the “Aurelian Sacerdoțeanu” Vâlcea County Museum in Râmnicu Vâlcea. This batch of fibulae is slightly larger than the one discovered by the archeological excavations carried out during the years at Ocnița (69 published exemplars). There are both types and variants of fibulae already known in the Geto-Dacian center of Ocnița, as well as rarer pieces or even unique shapes, both in pre-Roman Dacia and after the Roman conquest. Due to the large number of different types of provincial Roman fibulae and the variety of origins, this lot proves to be of capital importance for knowing the emergence and imposition of Roman fibulae in the Geto-Dacian environment more than a century before the Trajan conquest (106 AD). From the perspective of chronology, the batch described covers a period of time of about two and a half centuries, from the last third / last quarter of the 1st c. BC until the first quarter of the 3rd c. AD. Since over 90% of the pieces can be dated to pre-Roman times, it can be assumed that these come from Ocnița-Cosota area, and the rest, with a later chronology, may be from nearby Roman sites.
Necropola medievală timpurie de la Crăsanii de Jos - Piscul Crăsani, com. Balaciu (jud. Ialomița)
Necropola medievală timpurie de la Crăsanii de Jos - Piscul Crăsani, com. Balaciu (jud. Ialomița)
(Early Medieval Necropolis from Crăsanii de Jos-Piscul Crăsani, Balaciu Village (Ialomița County))
- Publication: (XXVIII/XXVIII/2022)
- Author(s): Valeriu Sîrbu, Ioan Cernău, Cătălina Cernău, Florin Vlad
- Contributor(s):
- Language: English, Romanian
- Subject(s): History, Archaeology, 6th to 12th Centuries
- Issue: XXVIII/XXVIII/2022
- Page Range: 257-303
- No. of Pages: 47
- Keywords: Early Medieval Necropolis; cremation and inhumation graves; children and adults; women and men;
- Summary/Abstract: 29 graves were investigated, 16 of inhumation and 13 of cremation, the discoveries of both rites were spread throughout the perimeter of the necropolis. Of the 13 cremation graves, only four had the bones deposited in urns, in the other nine they were put directly at the bottom of the pits. For most of the inhumed deceased, the skeleton was in a precarious state, a fact that can be explained because the vast majority were young children; in three cases only the skull was found, all belonging to children and without inventory. Inventory and offerings were poor and of little variety. Ceramic vessels were used, both as urns and as containers in which offerings were probably deposited, both in cremation and inhumation graves. The necropolis can be placed between the end of the 8th century-9th century, possibly the beginning of the 10th century AD; part of the necropolis was destroyed, so we do not know its real chronological limits.
Iancu de Hunedoara versus Șehâbeddîn. Un bilanț al izvoarelor
Iancu de Hunedoara versus Șehâbeddîn. Un bilanț al izvoarelor
(Jean Hunyadi versus Șehabeddin. A review of sources)
- Publication: (XXVIII/XXVIII/2022)
- Author(s): Liviu Cîmpeanu, Claudiu Neagoe
- Contributor(s):
- Language: Romanian, French
- Subject(s): History, Military history, 15th Century, The Ottoman Empire
- Issue: XXVIII/XXVIII/2022
- Page Range: 305-376
- No. of Pages: 72
- Keywords: Wallachia; Ialomița river; John Hunyadi; Şehabeddin; ottomans; Christians; chronicles;
- Summary/Abstract: Bien que la bataille de la rivière Ialomiţa suscita l’intérêt de nombreuxhistoriens, on ne saurait cependant affirmer que l’histoire. de celle-ci fut pleinement éclaircie. L’épisode a été analysé par les historiens strictement à travers les sources utilisées par ceux-ci. C’est ainsi que l’on explique le fait que la reconstitution de cet événement soit différente d’un auteur à l’autre. Très peu d’historiens se sont proposés, à notre avis, une reconstitution de cette bataille importante par une recherche et une analyse exhaustive des sources historiques, documentaires et narratives. La présente étude se propose justement de faire une telle analyse. En outre, on envisage une réévaluation minutieuse de l’œuvre d’Antonio Bonfini, auquel on doit peut-être la description la plus détaillée de la bataille qui eut lieu début septembre 1442, opposant Jean Hunyadi et Șehâbeddîn, sur l’amont de la rivière Ialomiţa. Dans cette étude, on a envisagé, d’une part, une critique attentive et sérieuse de toutes les sources historiques connues jusqu’à présent, qui se sont référées, plus ou moins, à cet événement, ensuite l’éclaircissement, si possible, de certains aspects importants tels que: l’itinéraire des armées en conflit, les effectifs militaires chrétiens et ottomans, la date et le lieu de la bataille, les conséquences de celle-ci et ses échos à travers le temps.
Tumulii din zona Neamțului. O privire sintetică asupra contribuțiilor de până în prezent
Tumulii din zona Neamțului. O privire sintetică asupra contribuțiilor de până în prezent
(The Mounds from the Neamț area. A Synthetic Overview of the Contributions until the Present)
- Publication: (XXVIII/XXVIII/2022)
- Author(s): Vasile Diaconu
- Contributor(s):
- Language: English, Romanian
- Subject(s): History, Maps / Cartography, Ancient World, Prehistory
- Issue: XXVIII/XXVIII/2022
- Page Range: 377-400
- No. of Pages: 24
- Keywords: mounds; Neamț; prehistory; antiquity; maps; geophisics investigations;
- Summary/Abstract: The Neamț area has a consistent and varied archaeological heritage, but differently investigated. Archaeological research has not placed a particular emphasis on the repertory and investigation of tumuli, perhaps because their number is extremely small compared to other areas in eastern Romania.The first mentions of the existence of burial mounds date from the eighth decade of the 19th century, but later, until the beginning of the next century, records of burial mounds appear in the Neamţ area.Very late, in the 1970s, the first archaeological excavations were carried out in some tumuli, specific to the IVth century AD.In this article, a synthesis is made of the most important sources that indicate the presence of burial mounds on the territory of Neamț county. A first observation is that such funerary monuments appear on maps from the end of the XVIIIth century, but also within other regional or local cartographic sources. As a general finding, in the Neamț area, an increased share of mounds located on high areas is observed and very rarely they are mentioned on low areas. Even though around 40 isolated mounds and several tumular groups are known, until recently only burial mounds specific to the IVth century AD were excavated. Recently two tumuli that belong to the first half of the 1st millennium BC have been investigated, but we do not exclude the possibility that other tumuli contain prehistoric graves.
