Proceedings of the 21st International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
Proceedings of the 21st International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
Contributor(s): Julia M. Puaschunder (Editor)
Subject(s): Christian Theology and Religion, Social Sciences, Economy, Gender Studies, Education, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, National Economy, Constitutional Law, Criminal Law, Sociology, Theology and Religion, Higher Education , Other Christian Denominations, Globalization, EU-Legislation
ISSN: 2578-8574
Published by: Scientia Moralitas Research Institute
Keywords: Economics; Social Sciences; Gender Violence; Laws; Justice; criminology; Religion;Psychology; Society;
Summary/Abstract: This publication presents the proceedings of the 21st International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities held online on March 1-2, 2021. The Conference was organized by Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-1-945298-36-3
- Page Count: 234
- Publication Year: 2021
- Language: English
Exploring Cross-Generational Traits and Management Across Generations in the Workforce: A Theoretical Literature Review
Exploring Cross-Generational Traits and
Management Across Generations in the Workforce: A Theoretical Literature Review
(Exploring Cross-Generational Traits and
Management Across Generations in the Workforce: A Theoretical Literature Review)
- Author(s):Christopher Ardueser, Diana Garza
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, State/Government and Education
- Page Range:1-8
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Generations; Traditionalist; Baby Boomers; Generation X; Millennials
- Summary/Abstract:Understanding and identifying the traits of different generations and their effects on management is essential for creating a strategic business operational management structure. This literature review aims to identify traits associated with each generation and determine if any cross-generational traits exist to capitalize on each group's characteristics and find solutions in managing multiple generations. This research will examine the literature on each generation consisting of the Traditionalist, Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z; and attempt to identify traits that affect each generation's ability to be managed in the workforce and work with other employees of different generations. The goal is to test the assumption that some, if not all of these traits, are unique to or are shared across generations. This review will explore each generation's set of traits and management characteristics to develop the groundwork to form successful teams and further explore the best way to collaborate across different generations by exploiting and acknowledging work values displayed by each generation. This review will also provide a platform for further studies and can be used as a standard to build stronger, more cohesive, and productive teams made of multi-generations.
Pathologies of Separation: Family Chopping, Parental Mobbing, Parental Alienation Syndrome
Pathologies of Separation: Family Chopping, Parental Mobbing, Parental Alienation Syndrome
(Pathologies of Separation: Family Chopping, Parental Mobbing, Parental Alienation Syndrome)
- Author(s):Rossella Marzullo
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Developmental Psychology, Behaviorism
- Page Range:9-18
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:separation; conflict; pathological relationship; children prejudice
- Summary/Abstract:Separation, even in the hypothesis where it unfolds on a non-conflictual basis, creates a serious vulnus in the life of an individual and in his family history, because it generates an empty space in the sphere of the identity of each partner, built over time within of the relationship. In union dissolution, as well as in adolescence, people are passed through by feelings of loss and disorientation that are overcome only when they are able to process them and reintegrate them into the new identity. The separative experience is therefore an experience of crisis that, if is managed in the persistence of the conflict, can have a very negative impact on the psycho-physical well-being of the children. Some authors have highlighted that post-separation conflict has worse effects on children than that which precedes separation, since the former presents itself as a destructive conflict, characterized by hostility, aggression and negative feelings and is resolved less frequently, putting more the adaptive capacity of minors to their new condition as children of separated parents is at risk.
The Offenses Against Religious Freedom According to the Romanian Criminal Code of 2014
The Offenses Against Religious Freedom According to the Romanian Criminal Code of 2014
(The Offenses Against Religious Freedom According to the Romanian Criminal Code of 2014)
- Author(s):Teodor Manea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
- Page Range:19-27
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:offense; religious freedom; Romanian; criminal code; law
- Summary/Abstract:The latest Romanian Criminal Code came into force on the 1st of February 2014. Given that the previous Criminal Code entered in effect on the 1st of January 1969, it was designed according to the ideology of the Communist regime and it was becoming increasingly difficult to adapt it to the changes which occurred in the Romanian society after the Revolution of December 1989. Therefore, the need for a new, unified and updated criminal legislation was keenly felt in 2014. This paper will address one of the innovations proposed by this normative act, the crimes against religious freedom and respect owed to the deceased. The analysis will begin with a few remarks concerning the theoretical structure of an offense (infracțiune) in the Romanian Criminal Law, as the international public might not be aware of the subtle differences between the terminology used by this legal system and some of the concepts used in other English-speaking countries. Having succinctly clarified these differences, the paper then proceeds to a study of the four offenses included in this category: preventing the freedom to practice religion (art. 381), desecration of places or objects of worship (art. 382), desecration of corpses or graves (art. 383), illegal harvesting of tissues or organs (art. 384). The conclusions are meant to highlight a few of the key concepts which have to be taken into account if one attempts to realize a comparative study between this segment of the Romanian criminal law and other domestic legal systems.
Impact of Deadweight Effect on the Performance of Supported Firms
Impact of Deadweight Effect on the Performance of Supported Firms
(Impact of Deadweight Effect on the Performance of Supported Firms)
- Author(s):Simona Bratkova, Miroslav Šipikal, Valéria Némethová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):National Economy, Business Economy / Management
- Page Range:28-34
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Entrepreneurship; structural funds; deadweight effect; firm support
- Summary/Abstract:Public support can flow to different areas of the economy and can have several dimensions. Frequent recipients of subsidies are firms, whose support can have specific effects. Such an undesirable effect occurs if these projects are supported that would be carried out without this subsidy. In this case, we are talking about the so-called deadweight effect, which has been discussed and investigated in several studies in the scientific literature. The present article tries to shift knowledge about this effect through a study of supported companies in Slovakia. The aim of the research is to find out whether deadweight effect had an impact on the short-term or long-term results of investigated companies by analysing economic results of the supported firms. Changes in several firm indicators were monitored as profit, sales and value added for individual years (2010, 2013, 2018). Results present changes in size categories of firms according to the number of employees. Firm groups were distinguished based on the extent of deadweight effect. The results showed that in cases when deadweight effect occurred, the profitability of supported firms increased, which ultimately means inessentiality of subsidy that spilled over into the profits of surveyed companies.
Labor and Education in the Penitentiary System - Basic Components of Rehabilitation
Labor and Education in the Penitentiary System - Basic Components of Rehabilitation
(Labor and Education in the Penitentiary System - Basic Components of Rehabilitation)
- Author(s):Dorian CHIRIȚĂ
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminology, Penology
- Page Range:35-38
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:work; education; educational programs in the penitentiary
- Summary/Abstract:The main objective that future criminal policies, in terms of the execution of sentences, must pursue more and more is the rehabilitation of detainees. Given the complex nature of the rehabilitation process, it is necessary for penitentiary administrations to use as many elements as possible, acting simultaneously or in a well-established order. This process should thus include several factors, such as: the assessment of their socio-educational needs; attending educational courses, vocational training; mastering the rules of behavior in society; cultural-educational actions of physical education and sports; encouraging and supporting family and community connections; moral education and religious assistance; permanent or temporary actions for recreation. In our opinion, of all these, a very important place is occupied by work and education. These fundamental elements will not only correct the personality of the detainee, but, moreover, will give him a better physical and mental condition, these representing, for the penitentiary administration but also for society, the indicators of a changed man, in which society must have full confidence. This paper provides an overview of these two processes, work and education, of persons deprived of their liberty, and emphasizes their importance, both for the detainee and for society as a whole.
The Liability of the Employees who Commit Acts or Deeds of Moral Harassment at Work
The Liability of the Employees who Commit Acts or Deeds of Moral Harassment at Work
(The Liability of the Employees who Commit Acts or Deeds of Moral Harassment at Work)
- Author(s):Nicoleta-Elena Heghes
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminology, Labour and Social Security Law
- Page Range:39-44
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:harassment; mobbing; contraventional liability; disciplinary liability
- Summary/Abstract:After numerous studies and debates at European and national level, the Romanian Parliament has adopted a series of legislative amendments aimed at complementing existing legislation on discrimination in the workplace and strengthening the levers needed to prevent and combat moral harassment in the workplace. Considered by specialists to be the most harmful source of stress at work, since 2000, moral harassment at work or “mobbing” has become a phenomenon that has caught the attention of both European Union institutions and the Romanian state.
The Second Round of Information Security Challenges at TJX Companies
The Second Round of Information Security Challenges at TJX Companies
(The Second Round of Information Security Challenges at TJX Companies)
- Author(s):Courtney Gatlin-Keener, Ryan Lunsford
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Accounting - Business Administration, Commercial Law
- Page Range:45-52
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:TJX Companies; data breach; information security
- Summary/Abstract:This descriptive case study summarizes TJX Companies (TJX), highlighting the considerable success its off-price retailing business has experienced in the United States and abroad. TJX traces its roots to small-town Massachusetts as far back as the early 20th century through its precursor company, Zayre Corporation. With over 4,500 stores globally, TJX is renowned as a dominant off-price retail business giant, positioned in the top 300 in the Fortune Global 500 annual rankings of the world’s largest companies with over $40B in sales and a market value of over $62B. TJX’s resilience and sustainability result from its sophisticated value proposition comprised of its business model flexibility and opportunistic purchasing. Despite their financial performance, business niche dominance, and growth and expansion prospects, an unexpected ethical dilemma was recently uncovered. Based on UpGuard's third-party report, it was discovered that despite the purported recovery from a 2007 TJX data breach debacle and supposed enhancements in its digital infrastructure, there are still significant issues related to TJX’s network security. It appears as though TJX, despite having a previous opportunity to reconcile, is still, even today, unable to provide adequate customer data protection. Thus, it is recommended that TJX configures its Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) and bolster the security of its digital transactions by implementing point-to-point encryption (P2PE) and tokenization, payment card industry (PCI) validated P2PE solutions from its store chains to the banks and PCI-compliant firewalls. Additionally, they should revise their current business model to integrate consumer information protection into its key activities and include a reliable and secure digital infrastructure as a critical resource for the business. This case study will identify best-practices that organizational leaders in a number of industries might adopt and apply within their companies to benefit from the many lessons learned after studying TJX's many challenges and successes.
The Making of Fraudulent Economic Operations and Identity Theft as Cybercrimes in Romania
The Making of Fraudulent Economic Operations and Identity Theft as Cybercrimes in Romania
(The Making of Fraudulent Economic Operations and Identity Theft as Cybercrimes in Romania)
- Author(s):Dan Cristian
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:53-56
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:cybercrimes; criminal law; psychology; identity theft; victims
- Summary/Abstract:In the 21st century, information has gained a huge value, mainly because the human activities have transitioned from the physical world to the digital one. Among these activities, we can find the innovated economic one, represented by the accumulation of capital in virtual accounts handled and insured by the banks. Another transitioned element consists of the social processes, this being done nowadays on different networks and mobile applications. Due to the fact that humans have created the systems by which our personal data is protected and which assure ones right of property over a digital monetary transaction alongside the right to a private life when it comes to a conversation on platforms with one or more people, these programs are susceptible to fraudulent activities done by individuals with high informatics skills. The current paperwork will analyze from a legal approach the crimes which can be committed in regards to the above-mentioned aspects. The branch of criminal law will serve as the main building block for reaching valid conclusions.
Legal Consciousness in the Works of Thoughts of Ancient and Medieval Ages
Legal Consciousness in the Works of Thoughts of Ancient and Medieval Ages
(Legal Consciousness in the Works of Thoughts
of Ancient and Medieval Ages)
- Author(s):Bogdan David
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Law, Ancient World
- Page Range:57-62
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Legal conscience; ancient times; legal work; legal norms
- Summary/Abstract:Legal consciousness has been and remains an integral part of the historical evolution of human society, and even more, it, in the context of the historical process of development of human society is identified as a phenomenon that drives, complements and defines social relations and reflects them in the norms of law, or consciousness is a superior form of reflection of the objective reality, proper only to human.
Drugs: History, Law, Consequences
Drugs: History, Law, Consequences
(Drugs: History, Law, Consequences)
- Author(s):Robert ȘERBĂNESCU
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, International Law
- Page Range:63-67
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:history; narcotics; psychology; law; consequences
- Summary/Abstract:The drug phenomenon represents a various and important subject in society nowadays, due to the fact that it is the cause for many studies, criminal activities, legal regulations, international co-operations and lives affected. In this manner, a good understanding of the relationship between humans and narcotics can be formed by researching its evolution throughout history. Since ancient times, people have manifested interest in these substances, either from a philosophical approach or simply by the curiosity of experimenting their effects. The perspective towards drugs suffered many variations, from a positive one, thanks to their medical properties, to a negative one, mainly caused by the severe consequences of overdose and the continuous growth of the underground network belonging to the producers, carriers and dealers. By becoming a threat to the social order, the states had to create and apply laws to counter this rapidly evolving trend. The legal norms brought into existence by the legislative powers covered different topics such as: rules in regards to the production, selling and acquiring, alongside consumption. Domains such as Psychology and Medicine joined forces, especially in the last century, to research and present the effects of long or short term consumption of narcotics.
The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Monitoring on the Implementation of the European Court of Human Rights Judgments
The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Monitoring on the Implementation of the European Court of Human Rights Judgments
(The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Monitoring on the Implementation of the European Court of Human Rights Judgments)
- Author(s):Titus Corlăţean
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Constitutional Law, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:68-73
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Parliamentary Assembly; Council of Europe; European Convention on Human Rights
- Summary/Abstract:The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is the most important international treaty to protect fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms at European level. The Convention was adopted on November 4, 1950 in Rome by the governments of the member states at that time of the Council of Europe. Currently all 47 members of the Council of Europe, international European organization founded in 1949 in Strasbourg, France, are party to the Convention. The implementation of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) judgments is supervised by the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers (CM), according to article 46 para 2 of the ECHR. Beyond the primary responsibility of the CM in this field, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) increased significantly its contribution to this process during the past 10-15 years. Its 10th report on the implementation of ECtHR judgments focuses on a number of member states and cases pending before the CM still to be implemented, that reveals structural problems, complex and difficult issues related for instance to inter-State cases or individual cases displaying inter-State features reflecting particular difficulties for the execution process, sometimes for already more than 10 years after the Court’s judgments. The PACE report addresses therefore a number of specific requests and recommendations to the member states and the CM for supporting an accelerated process for the full implementation of these judgments.
Between Eclipse and Sunrise: Abolition and Re-establishment of the Function of General Secretary of the Prefect’s Institution in Romania
Between Eclipse and Sunrise: Abolition and Re-establishment of the Function of General Secretary of the Prefect’s Institution in Romania
(Between Eclipse and Sunrise: Abolition and Re-establishment of the Function of General Secretary of the Prefect’s Institution in Romania)
- Author(s):Narcis Godeanu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Public Administration, Administrative Law
- Page Range:74-77
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:prefect; sub-prefect; civil servant; senior civil servant
- Summary/Abstract:The study aims to analyze the institution of the Secretary General of the prefecture, which is the highest civil servant in the prefect’s institution, found in most states under this name or others that evoke his role as a representative of the central government in the territory, to monitor and to ensure that the law is respected and the government policy transposed in practice at the level of the administrative-territorial unit. In each public authority, central or local, there is a function which has the most important role, which brings stability and which is called the Secretary General. Its role is to ensure compliance with the law in the activity of the public authority in which it is located, but also the continuity of its activity, in case of changes that occur during the election cycles or, as the case may be, appointment of new central and local authorities. It also existed, naturally, within the prefect’s institution, but it was abolished in 2005, with the functions of prefect and sub-prefect transformation, from public dignities to public functions, in 2005. By returning, in January 2021, to the status of dignitaries, the function of prefecture’s general secretary was re-established.
Forest Rights Struggles after FRA 2006: The Case of Dalhi Land in Raigad District, Maharashtra
Forest Rights Struggles after FRA 2006: The Case of Dalhi Land in Raigad District, Maharashtra
(Forest Rights Struggles after FRA 2006: The Case of Dalhi Land in Raigad District, Maharashtra)
- Author(s):Paul Sylvester Fernandes, R Rekha Mammen, Geetanjoy Sahu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Administrative Law
- Page Range:78-88
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Forest rights; Forest Rights Act; Dalhi land; Katkari community; indigenous community
- Summary/Abstract:Maharashtra is considered one of the leading states in India with regard to the implementation of the landmark Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006. Yet the struggles in the Raigad district of the Katkari tribe, formally categorized by the government as a ‘Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group’, depicts the continuing difficulties in addressing structural marginalization. The FRA, 2006 legislated recognition of community and individual forest rights as an effective tool to undo the historical injustice inflicted by the colonial and post-colonial state. This study looks at the characterization of rights by the tribal community and forest governance institutions and the nature of contestations regarding indigenous forest rights. The discussion focuses on the land used by the Katkari tribe for dalhi cropping. Using both primary and secondary data sources, forest rights claims are analysed with respect to the history of the Katkari community in the region, their relationship with the forest, and the larger development practice context. The study also attempts to understand the implications of positions taken at multiple levels for indigenous people’s resource rights and the sustainability of livelihoods based on these resources.
Forced Execution of the Surviving Spouse
Forced Execution of the Surviving Spouse
(Forced Execution of the Surviving Spouse)
- Author(s):Adriana Tulus
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Civil Law, Administrative Law
- Page Range:89-92
- No. of Pages:3
- Keywords:Inheritance; debtor; forced execution; surviving spouse
- Summary/Abstract:In Romania, the situation of the surviving spouse has undergone several changes starting from the principle that reserved heirs follow the bloodline consequently his inheritance rights were limited, until the New Civil Code when his reservation is just and clearly defined. This change led to new problems, namely the forced execution of the surviving spouse. The most common problems in practice are those related to the division of the inheritance and the exit from the indivision in the situation where de cujus is the debtor.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Online Learning Experiences of High School Students in Pakistan
Impact of COVID-19 on the Online Learning Experiences of High School Students in Pakistan
(Impact of COVID-19 on the Online Learning Experiences of High School Students in Pakistan)
- Author(s):Bushra Mariam Umair, Shazia Nasir
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Higher Education , Distance learning / e-learning
- Page Range:93-98
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:COVID-19; Face to Face learning; High School Student; Online learning
- Summary/Abstract:The spread of COVID-19 forced educational institutions around the globe to go online. In March 2020, Pakistan also went under strict lockdown, forcing schools to go online. Though the students, teachers and the parents, as well, braved this situation but there has always been a state of uncertainty in their minds. The students had an unknown fear for their learnings as they were not sure what the future holds for them. This research paper will be focusing problems; high school students faced during the online education process. Pakistan being a developing country, with limited technological resources, online learning was a challenge not only for the students and teachers but also for the parents as well. The ambiguity had left the students in continuous fear. In this phenomenological study, semi-structured interviews with open ended questions were conducted with five students from three different schools to share their experience of online learning. The findings of the research revealed that going online is inevitable under the given circumstances but it cannot replace face-to-face learning.
Some Considerations Regarding the Forensic Research of Human Blood Traces
Some Considerations Regarding the Forensic Research of Human Blood Traces
(Some Considerations Regarding the Forensic Research of Human Blood Traces)
- Author(s):Cosmin Butură
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Criminology
- Page Range:99-102
- No. of Pages:3
- Keywords:evidences; blood; forensic; technology; laser method; biological
- Summary/Abstract:We can say that as long as the crime is committed by a single participant, namely the perpetrator, directed against social values, for example: aggravated theft, destruction of objects that are not in his patrimony, fraud, blackmail, etc., and the victim does not have direct contact with the perpetrator, we cannot raise the issue of the appearance of the probative substance, namely human blood. From the point of view of specialists, on the spot, human blood can be found in various physical properties. For the beginning, the rule of time is applied, so that if the committed deed did not exceed a maximum of 24 hours, then the blood can be found in liquid state being easy to take. On the other hand, if the 24-hour deadline has been exceeded, forensic scientists can find traces of solid blood, of course, this will not prevent the specialist from taking the evidence found.
Does the European Certificate of Succession Ensure the Direct Exercise of Successor Rights in Member States of the European Union
Does the European Certificate of Succession Ensure the Direct Exercise of Successor Rights in Member States of the European Union
(Does the European Certificate of Succession Ensure the Direct Exercise of Successor Rights in Member States of the European Union)
- Author(s):Diana-Geanina Ionaş
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Constitutional Law, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:103-108
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Regulation; cross border succession; European Certificate of Succession
- Summary/Abstract:ABSTRACT: The European Certificate of Succession (ECS) represents the tool which allows successors, legatees, will executors or administrators of the successor goods to prove their statute and exercise their rights in another member state of the European Union. Its main objective is the direct exercise of successor rights in member states. However, in Romania, the issue of an ECS by the public notary requires the previous or simultaneous issue of a national inheritance certificate. Also, in Romania, even if the heir presents an ECS issued in another member state, his rights over immobile goods will only be acquired by registration in the cadastral register, an operation which does not register in the ECS database, as this is not an authenticated document. The current paper aims to analyze the utility and possibility to implement the ECS, in relation to national legal provisions.
The Right to Health Care for People with Oncological Diseases as well as for People Suspected of Cancer in the Context of COVID-19
The Right to Health Care for People with Oncological Diseases as well as for People Suspected of Cancer in the Context of COVID-19
(The Right to Health Care for People with Oncological Diseases as well as for People Suspected of Cancer in the Context of COVID-19)
- Author(s):Cătălina-Georgeta Dinu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:109-113
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:health; human rights; COVID-19; hospital treatment
- Summary/Abstract:In the context of Covid-19 it was emphasized that patients with oncological diseases who need to be diagnosed following hospital medical investigations, as well as those who are already registered with this serious condition and need specialized treatment, should be allowed the right to health care, given that, although strictly speaking, it is not an emergency, medical investigations or treatments cannot be rescheduled and may necessarily require hospital treatment. Chronic hospitalizations have been discontinued, with the exception of neoplastic patients, whose curative or rebalancing treatment cannot be delayed. However, in Romania, the Ministry of Health has not regulated at the normative level the selection criteria of persons representing an emergency, being taken only general measures of a recommendatory nature, which may lead to dysfunctions within the health units regarding the protection of persons suspected of oncological conditions or who must continue these treatments.
Good Governance, Bad Governance: The Politics of Coronavirus Pandemic in Nigeria
Good Governance, Bad Governance:
The Politics of Coronavirus Pandemic in Nigeria
(Good Governance, Bad Governance:
The Politics of Coronavirus Pandemic in Nigeria)
- Author(s):Muyiwa Samuel Adedayo
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Welfare systems, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:114-122
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:democracy; good governance; bad governance; Coronavirus pandemic; populace; Nigeria
- Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the influence of good governance on coronavirus pandemic in Nigeria. The kernel of this article is the intrinsic nexus between good governance, bad governance and coronavirus pandemic in a democratic state. It reviews articles on how democracy has influenced good governance and/or promotes bad governance. It examines the individual perspective and understanding of the virus, state of lockdown and the welfare of the populace by the political leaders; to what extent is the palliative being distributed among other welfare packages useful to the populace. The paper clearly explained the notion of good governance in the context of the Nigerian milieu and links it with how welfare of the citizens could assist in building their confidence. The paper provided evidence from around the world of the nexus between the three variables under examination and it shows that there is a yawning gap in trust and accountability between citizens and the government because the need of the populace has overtime been ignored and neglected by government. This is evident in that Nigeria is yet to comply with the inextricable indices of good governance due to lack of trust and committed leadership. The paper recommended amongst others that government and political leaders, as well as the institutions in the country, must strive to promote participatory, consensus-oriented, accountability, transparency, responsiveness, effectiveness and efficiency; equitable, inclusive and follows the rule of law to deliver good governance in Nigeria, and Africa in general. The paper is segmented to include introduction, problem statement, contextual discourse and conclusion.
The Facets of Distinctive Forms as Regards Social Communication
The Facets of Distinctive Forms as Regards Social Communication
(The Facets of Distinctive Forms as Regards Social Communication)
- Author(s):Oana Tătaru
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Theory of Communication
- Page Range:123-128
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:communication; code; message; interaction; society; culture
- Summary/Abstract: The reality of nowadays society belonged to a generalized intercultural dialogue in respect of which the right to an opinion did not represent the prerogative of an educated minority but a constantly expanding forum of social communication. The communication achieved significant amplitudes and mass character while the communicators learned to express differences and affinities, doubts and certainties, anxieties and expectations, idiosyncrasies and preferences. The pattern of communication was considered to be influenced by the social context of the interaction and thus, as regards the understanding of it the use of concepts, images, symbols, arguments and grounds had to be taken into consideration. The theory of communication was perceived as a rather new science with a duration of about half of century, whereas the apparent clarity of this discipline designation encompassed a series of ambiguities and connotations that were acquired along the time. The act of communication involved a different interpretation as it represented an essential component of life that ought to be adequately perceived so as to achieve the goal by explaining social realities and being an useful tool for the individual to understand the surrounding environment.
Methods and Means Used for the Religious Education of Neo-Protestant Children and Youngsters in Communist Romania
Methods and Means Used for the Religious Education of Neo-Protestant Children and Youngsters in Communist Romania
(Methods and Means Used for the Religious Education of Neo-Protestant Children and Youngsters in Communist Romania)
- Author(s):Ciprian Corneliu Ciurea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Other Christian Denominations
- Page Range:129-138
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:church; neo-Protestants; religious education; communism; Sabbath/Sunday school
- Summary/Abstract:Through the laicisation of education in communist Romania, the education and training of the young generation has become the exclusive competence of the socialist state. Through school, the communists had, as their main objective, the education of children and young people in the spirit of material-scientific conception of the world and life. The monopolization of the media, the introduction of materials that favor atheism in the analytical curriculum, and the carrying out of performances in which the main Christian celebrations were caricatured, were just some of the methods of actively implementing the creation of the “new man”.
The Protestant Ethic and Capitalism
The Protestant Ethic and Capitalism
(The Protestant Ethic and Capitalism)
- Author(s):Mihai Stoicescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Church(es), History of Religion
- Page Range:139-143
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:ethic; morality; values; protestantism; capitalism; Max Weber
- Summary/Abstract:The Reformation arose from society's reaction to the luxury, immorality and indifference of the clergy of the Catholic Church and returning to the original purity of New Testament Christianity. The Protestant culture supports the principle of equality and individualism. These were the basis for the development of capitalism. Various studies conclude that there is a strong link between Protestantism’s behavioral patterns, concepts of secular ethics and religious doctrines of Protestantism.
Control of the Administration of Insolvency Proceedings
Control of the Administration of Insolvency Proceedings
(Control of the Administration of Insolvency Proceedings)
- Author(s):Anca Roxana Bularca
- Language:English
- Subject(s):EU-Legislation
- Page Range:144-150
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:insolvency; principle; court; contro; judicial administrator
- Summary/Abstract:This material presents an analysis of the control exercised by the courts over insolvency practitioners for the conduct of insolvency proceedings. Depending on the legal systems and the choice of the legislator, the Member States of the European Union have chosen differently on the way of how the court intervenes in the conduct of insolvency proceedings. Thus, there are opinions according to which the insolvency procedure must be carried out entirely outside the court, but also opinions according to which the court must have a significant control within the insolvency procedure. The Romanian legislator combined the two opinions, totally opposite, establishing that the court, through judges specialized in insolvency, should have legal control over the conduct of insolvency proceedings, and only in cases expressly provided by law, to exercise control over opportunity.
The History of the Prosecutor
The History of the Prosecutor
(The History of the Prosecutor)
- Author(s):Bogdan Buneci
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Law, Administrative Law
- Page Range:151-155
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:public prosecutor; lawyer; prosecutor; prosecutor’s office; Ministry of Justice
- Summary/Abstract:Today, the prosecutor is a magistrate who has the role of public prosecutor in a trial being the delegate of the prosecutor’s office in court and having the role of overseeing the proper application of the law. At the same time, it must be ensured that the interests of the state are not harmed. The appearance of this institution takes place at the end of the medieval era in France and later imported into other countries in Europe and North America. At the end of the modern era, it can be found in almost every state, but, as we will see, in some places, it has different attributions. This study of synthetic origin aims to show broadly how the institution of the Prosecutor’s Office was born as well as the characteristics that have shaped it over time in the various states that have adopted it. Exposure chronological information is based on information that we find in American and European historiography.
Legislative and Jurisprudential Analysis Regarding the Satisfaction of Romanian Patients Regarding the Performance of the National Health System
Legislative and Jurisprudential Analysis Regarding the Satisfaction of Romanian Patients Regarding the Performance of the National Health System
(Legislative and Jurisprudential Analysis Regarding the Satisfaction of Romanian Patients Regarding the Performance of the National Health System)
- Author(s):Cristina-Luiza Erimia
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:156-160
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:patient satisfaction; European law; national legislation; health system
- Summary/Abstract:Health spending in Romania is the lowest in the EU, both per capita and as a percentage of GDP, and lack of financial resources and demographic challenges endanger the sustainability of the health system. Because a key factor of patient satisfaction is the responsiveness of the national healthcare system and the strategic changes’ implementation, this article aims to analyse how the standard of protection created at the level of the European Union by means of the Directive on cross-border healthcare is implemented and complied with in national legislation. A modern healthcare system must be centred on patient needs, to have dynamic and integrated structures, adaptable to the various and changing healthcare needs of society in general and of individuals in particular. For these reasons, by presenting the Petru case, the article examines the degree of harmonization of national policies in view of reforming the national health system, contributing to social cohesion and social justice, as well as to eliminate any restrictions to the fundamental freedoms of European citizens.
The Basis of Punishment. The State’s Right to Punish
The Basis of Punishment. The State’s Right to Punish
(The Basis of Punishment. The State’s Right to Punish)
- Author(s):Mariana Mitra-Niță
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminology, Penology
- Page Range:161-170
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:punishment; rule of law; prevention; preservation; crime
- Summary/Abstract:One of the three fundamental institutions of the criminal law is the sanction. It represents the right, and also the obligation of the state to intervene when a legal norm with a criminal character is violated. However, what is this right of the state to sanction? What is the origin of this right and what is its usefulness? These make up only a small part of the many questions that jurists and philosophers have raised throughout history, trying to objectively justify the basis of punishment. The reason for repression must consist not in the state’s desire for revenge, but in preventing in the future the commission of dangerous acts related to the most important social values, since, as Cesare Beccaria said, "it is more effective to prevent than to treat!" The need for punishment stems from the innate human instinct of conservation in order to preserve one's own species.
Some Aspects of the Modern and Contemporary History of Heritage. The Division of the Succession Patrimony of the Monks in the Romanian Law
Some Aspects of the Modern and Contemporary History of Heritage. The Division of the Succession Patrimony of the Monks in the Romanian Law
(Some Aspects of the Modern and Contemporary History of Heritage. The Division of the Succession Patrimony of the Monks in the Romanian Law)
- Author(s):Marinela Marinela
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Law, Administrative Law
- Page Range:171-175
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:inheritance; succession patrimony; church patrimony; potentials successors; successors
- Summary/Abstract:This paper proposes the historical and legal analysis of a part of the matter of inheritances, namely, the succession patrimony of the monks, from the perspective of Romanian law, in the modern era and the contemporary era. We started in the study of this subject from a problem encountered in practice, which concerned the request of the relatives of a deceased monk to hand over to them the goods he owned during his life, in their capacity as successors. First, I analyzed the legal issue through the prism of civil law, as the first impulse of the legal practitioner. After that, I researched the rules of canon law and the norms in the status of various cults, which regulate the legal status of goods that are acquired by monks during the period in which they function as such within the church. In Romanian law there are few cases of this kind, which would allow outlining a judicial practice in the field, which is why we can analyze the problem from the perspective of the normative acts in force and the doctrine, even if it is quite poor. At the same time, to have a correct representation of the factual and legal situation, but also to understand as correctly as possible the issue of inheritances as it is regulated and perceived in the monastic world, I considered necessary the analysis of modern and contemporary legislation and consulted the statute of several cults, to better understand the legal regulation specific to canon law.
Specific Duties for the Romanian Ombudsman During the Period of the Pandemic
Specific Duties for the Romanian Ombudsman During the Period of the Pandemic
(Specific Duties for the Romanian Ombudsman During the Period of the Pandemic)
- Author(s):Mădălina Botină
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Administrative Law
- Page Range:176-180
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:People’s Advocate Institution; human rights and freedoms; state of emergency
- Summary/Abstract:The year 2020 was a challenge for the entire planet in the fight against the pandemic of the spread of the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Romania was also part of this effort collectively, and the People's Advocate, in his capacity as constitutional guarantor of rights and fundamental freedoms, had to act constantly in order to preserve all rights, assuring citizens that whenever the exercise of some of their rights and freedoms were and are restricted, this is done entirely according to the Romanian Constitution, that is, it is prescribed by law, for the defense of other fundamental values and rights and on a determined duration, without affecting the very substance of those rights and freedoms. I chose as a research topic for this study one of the most important institutions in Romania, the "People’s Advocate Institution". The structure of our paper begins with the presentation of the People's Advocate institution, its structure and the main attributions regarding the human rights situation, taking note of the establishment of the state of emergency and the state of alert on the territory of Romania, which led to monitoring the application of these measures.
A Strategy for Teaching Carrying in the Mathematical Operation of Addition to Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
A Strategy for Teaching Carrying in the Mathematical Operation of Addition to Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
(A Strategy for Teaching Carrying in the Mathematical Operation of Addition to Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing)
- Author(s):Mohammed Alajlan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):State/Government and Education, Inclusive Education / Inclusion
- Page Range:181-188
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:single subject design; deaf and hard of hearing students
- Summary/Abstract:This study investigated the effectiveness of using manipulative items for teaching the process of carrying in the mathematical operation of addition with a third-grade student with hearing loss. A single subject reversal design protocol was used. The subject student had low achievement in addition of two-digit numbers with regrouping. When visual aids, concrete materials, and practice were implemented with the student, he was eventually able to achieve a top score of 90% on a 10-item quiz. The strategy was found to be very effective in this setting. Further research is needed to investigate whether the student would be able to implement this strategy successfully with three-digit numbers. The use of the intervention should also be explored with more than a single student and with younger students who are deaf or hard of hearing.
Ethics of the Environment
Ethics of the Environment
(Ethics of the Environment)
- Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Environmental interactions, Globalization
- Page Range:189-195
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Climate Bonds; Climate Change; Climate Justice; Ethics
- Summary/Abstract:Globalization leveraged pressure on contemporary society. Today's most pressing social dilemmas regarding climate change demand for inclusive solutions that marry the idea of sustainable growth with environmental economics. Understanding the bounds of environmental limits to avoid ethical downfalls beyond the control of singular nation states infringing on intergenerational equity – the fairness to provide an at least as favorable standard of living to future generations as enjoyed today – has become a blatant demand. In a history of turning to natural law as a human-imbued moral compass for solving societal downfalls on a global scale in times of crises; the paper covers the ethical justification for environmental economics. Climate change demands for intergenerational equity in the 21st century and climate justice attention around the globe, while the gains and losses of a warming globe are distributed unequally. Only ethical foundations and imperatives will help to provide the groundwork on climate justice within a society, around the world and over time. Ethics of the environment derived from a human natural drive towards intergenerational fairness back climate justice based governance and private sector solutions.
An Analytical Overview of Restaurant Job in New York City in the Wake of the Pandemic
An Analytical Overview of Restaurant Job in New York City in the Wake of the Pandemic
(An Analytical Overview of Restaurant Job in New York City in the Wake of the Pandemic)
- Author(s):Sonal Pandey
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:196-201
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:New York restaurants; COVID-19; impact on restaurant jobs
- Summary/Abstract:: New York is the most corporate-oriented state in the U.S., as well as has instituted several tax benefits and incentives to help diminish the load on small business owners. The restaurant business in New York City is like no other business in the world. My research study is based on the hardship of the situation faced by the restaurant industry as well as their workers during this pandemic situation. Will they overcome this situation with flying colors? The objective is to suggest strategies lined up to live with the new normal. During my research study, I found that job growth of the restaurant industry from 2009-2019, is 61% and business also expanded during this period by 40 %, which shows that the rate of growth became double overall. But after 2019 picture changed and finding is surprising. Here is my research work to overview the impact of pandemic on the full-service job in restaurants in New York City in 2020 by 2 sample t-test (took 2019 and 2020 monthly restaurant employment as my sample data). I also tried to quantify the relationship between two variables that is COVID-19 cases from starting of outbreak till December 2020 and the change in full-service restaurant job in NYC during that period through linear regression analysis.
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) of the Green New Deal (GND) and European Green Deal (EGD)
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) of the Green New Deal (GND) and European Green Deal (EGD)
(Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) of the Green New Deal (GND) and European Green Deal (EGD))
- Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:202-206
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:Climate Bonds; Climate Change; Economics of the Environment; Ecotax
- Summary/Abstract:Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) is used in the assessment of the performance of projects, institutions and programmes by governments, international organizations, Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as well as social media campaigns. The goal of M&E is to improve the current and future management of outputs, outcomes and impact. As the continuous assessment of programmes, M&E grants insights for the controlled evolution of large-scale projects’ relevance, effectiveness, efficiency and impact on a grand scale and with a future-oriented outlook. This article applies an M&E lens to the United States’ Green New Deal (GND) as well as its European pendant the European Green Deal (EGD). Both programs are large-scale endeavors with a long-term impact.
Crime Scene Reconstruction
Crime Scene Reconstruction
(Crime Scene Reconstruction)
- Author(s):Valentina Avramescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Criminology
- Page Range:207-212
- No. of Pages:6
- Summary/Abstract:In the present paper, aspects were analyzed regarding the tactical activity of artificial reproduction of the circumstances in which the criminal act was committed, known as reconstruction. It is possible to observe the way of carrying out this activity, by performing the verification of both the depositions and the samples. The characteristics underlying the reconstruction, the purpose and, last but not least, the importance of this probative procedure for finding out the truth are also presented. In order to carry out the reconstruction, there must be prior preparation and organization regarding the determination of the purpose and the establishment of activities to be carried out, so that the conduct of the reconstruction has positive results.
Green New Deal Leadership Determinants of the 21st Century: Teaching Economics of the Environment
Green New Deal Leadership Determinants of the 21st Century: Teaching Economics of the Environment
(Green New Deal Leadership Determinants of the 21st Century: Teaching Economics of the Environment)
- Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:213-223
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Climate Bonds; Climate Change; Climate Justice; Climatorial Imperative; Economics of the Environment; Ethics
- Summary/Abstract:The future leadership on the Green New Deal (GND) will depend on teaching coreconcepts of the economics of the environment and evaluating the success of the transitionimplementation by monitoring and evaluation. The GND operates within the framework of the UnitedNations Environment Programme (UNEP) since 2008 to create jobs in green industries, thus boostingthe world economy and curbing climate change at the same time. In 2019 over 600 organizationssubmitted a letter to the U.S. Congress declaring support for policies to reduce greenhouse gasemissions. This includes ending fossil fuel extraction and subsidies, transitioning to 100% cleanrenewable energy by 2035, expanding public transportation, and strict emission reductions rather thanreliance on carbon emission trading. This paper describes the implementation of the GND but alsounderlying efforts to teach GND components for building a cadre of future environmental economists.
Management Guidelines in Insolvency Situations
Management Guidelines in Insolvency Situations
(Management Guidelines in Insolvency Situations)
- Author(s):Oana Horhogea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Constitutional Law
- Page Range:224-228
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:insolvency; laws; managers; management; company
- Summary/Abstract:Insolvency at the international level has been for hundreds of years an essential issue of commercial law in general and of international law in particular. There has been a constant attempt to find the appropriate legal instruments to solve creditors’ problems in order to obtain the goodwill that belongs to them, but at the same time to protect the debtor. Along with the economic, social and financial development, there have been several changes in insolvency legislation both domestically and internationally. These legislative changes have become an essential pillar in the economic legislation of a state.
Organizational Triggers in Relation with Performance Indicators for Service Employees
Organizational Triggers in Relation with Performance Indicators for Service Employees
(Organizational Triggers in Relation with Performance Indicators for Service Employees)
- Author(s):Tamar Kvirikashvili
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Human Resources in Economy
- Page Range:229-234
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:performance management; performance indicators; organizational triggers
- Summary/Abstract:In recent years, performance measurement has become a major issue. If an organization has the ability to measure its vital activities at all organizational levels, then it will become critical to its success in today’s fast-paced world. Workplace is a stressful environment, which involves many situations and for that reason, it may trigger strong negative feelings. In complex and dynamic environment, for assessing the amount of desirability and utility of their activities each organization requires ranking and determining key performance indicators. They provide links among execution, strategy and ultimate value creation. Several studies are conducted to explore the individual effects of organizational triggers on employees’ performance. Nowadays in organizations, there is a significant focus on services, creating the customer-responsive culture, and service standards. Based on an extensive literature in the field, the paper is about the relationship between organizational triggers and performance indicators for employees in the service field.
