KÖZÖSSÉG, KULTÚRA, IDENTITÁS
COMMUNITY, CULTURE, IDENTITY
Contributor(s): Levente Pap (Editor), Zsuzsa Tapodi (Editor)
Subject(s): Hungarian Literature, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure
Published by: Scientia Kiadó
Keywords: community; strangers; self-identity; Reményik; pluralism;
Summary/Abstract: This publication is a conference proceedings comprising the papers presented at the conferences entitled "Cult, Culture, Identity" and ''Community and Strangers" organized by the Department of Human Sciences of Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania in Miercurea Ciuc. The topics are greatly varied, but all of them are linked to the subject of the community and are approached from the perspective of interdisciplinarity.
Series: Műhely
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-973-7953-87-2
- Page Count: 408
- Publication Year: 2008
- Language: Hungarian
BÉRTOLLNOK, AGYAFÚRT KERESKEDŐ, ÉS AMI A LEGFŐBB, EGYIPTOMI!
BÉRTOLLNOK, AGYAFÚRT KERESKEDŐ, ÉS AMI A LEGFŐBB, EGYIPTOMI!
("PEN-PUSHER, CUNNING TRADER AND, WHAT IS MORE, AN EGYPTIAN!")
- Author(s):László Horváth
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Greek Literature, Rhetoric
- Page Range:19-39
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Hypereides; Athenogenes-speech; Athenian democracy;
- Summary/Abstract:A close reading of the argumentative structure of Hypereides' Athenogenes-speech reveals that the traditional idealising vision of the Athenian democracy and of Athens is overshadowed by xenophobic and intolerant feelings of its citizens. The elevated and liberal ideas of an antique "open society" (as expressed by Thukydides in the Periclean funeral-speech) could vanish immediately in the daily life of the city. Hypereides' speech clearly confirms that the worst prejudices against foreigners were deeply rooted in the citizens, which could easily bestirred up any time by the orators. Since the speaker cannot rely on solid juristic foundation (as his task was to annul a valid, undersigned contract), in order to influence his audience, Hypereides produces an impressive list of irrelevant laws, then he launches a bitter invective against Athenogenes (mainly targeted on his Egyptian origin) and finally, he amuses the jurors (his well-trained fellow-spectators of comedy) with cleverly chosen comic reminiscences.
A POLGÁR, AZ IDEGEN ÉS AZ ÖRÖMLÁNY
A POLGÁR, AZ IDEGEN ÉS AZ ÖRÖMLÁNY
(A CITIZEN, A STRANGER AND A PROSTITUTE)
- Author(s):György Németh
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Culture and social structure , Rhetoric
- Page Range:41-56
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:the Speech against Neaira; Demosthenes; Apollodoros; Athenian Stephanos;
- Summary/Abstract:In the centre of the Speech against Neaira, preserved amongst the works of Demosthenes but attributed to Apollodoros, there is a prostitute of slave origin who has married her pimp, the Athenian Stephanos. He accepts the woman's children as his own and registers them as Athenian citizens. Furthermore, he marries off a girl whom he claims to be his daughter to the archon basileus, one of the leading functionaries of the town. However, according to the Athenian law a citizen cannot marry a stranger. If the stranger is found out, he or she should be sold as a slave. The person who marries off a stranger to an Athenian citizen loses his or her citizenship and wealth. It was in the authority of the Popular Assembly to naturalize strangers and the laws strictly persecutes people who try to bypass this law. On the basis of the above story the paper discusses the Athenian laws of naturalisation and of the legal position of strangers.
EGY GYILKOSSÁG TÖRTÉNETE
EGY GYILKOSSÁG TÖRTÉNETE
(THE STORY OF A MURDER)
- Author(s):Tamás Mészáros
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Rhetoric
- Page Range:57-67
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Antiphon; Herodes; Mytilenean revolt; Euxitheos;
- Summary/Abstract:According to general consensus, the fifth oration of Antiphon is one of the most famous speeches in antiquity. As we learn, Herodes, an Athenian cleruch?, was travelling to Ainos together with Euxitheos, a young, wealthy Mytilenean. Their boat was forced by a storm to put in a small harbour close to Methymna. They spent some hours drinking in another boat, then in the middle of the night Herodes left this boat, disappeared and was not seen again. The paper discusses the facts and the structure of the defendant's argumentation concerning to the mysterious death of Herodes and tries to give with as much certainty as possible a brief description of the events. According to the procedural questions we assume that Herodes' relatives have used an illegitimate procedure, an endeixis kakourgon against Euxitheos. Their motive was personal enrichment by an out-of-court settlement. We point out that after the first Mytilenean revolt (B. C. 428/27) the simple fact, that Euxitheos was a Mytilenean, is a very important element in the case.
RELIC HUNTER ─ HOVÁ TŰNT A GALL ARANY?
RELIC HUNTER ─ HOVÁ TŰNT A GALL ARANY?
(RELIC HUNTER: WHERE HAS THE GOLD OF THE GAULS DISAPPEARED?)
- Author(s):Levente Takács
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Ancient World
- Page Range:69-77
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Roman historiographical tradition; the Gauls; the siege of Rome; Livy;
- Summary/Abstract:According to the Roman historiographical tradition as represented by Livy and others in 390 B.C. the Gauls were given one thousand pounds' weight of gold as a ransom for putting an end to the siege of Rome. Polybius mentions that the Gauls returned to their country with the ransom while in Livy the gold was recaptured by Camillus and the Gauls were defeated. Comparing the extant sources it can be demonstrated how the Romans transformed their defeats into victory.
A TÁRSADALMI MOBILITÁS EGY LEHETŐSÉGE A KR. U. III. SZÁZADI RÓMÁBAN
A TÁRSADALMI MOBILITÁS EGY LEHETŐSÉGE A KR. U. III. SZÁZADI RÓMÁBAN
(POSSIBILITIES OF SOCIAL MOBILITY IN THE ROME OF THE 3RD CENTURY A.D.)
- Author(s):Peter Forisek
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Ancient World
- Page Range:79-87
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Caerellius; De die natali; Quintus Caerellius; prosopographical investigation;
- Summary/Abstract:Censorinus, the third-century A.D. grammarian, wrote one of his works, De die natali, 'on birthday' to celebrate the 49th birthday of a rich and high-born Roman knight, Quintus Caerellius. Apart from the reference by Censorinus we have no data about the life of Caerellius who rana course of a career largely typical for an equestrian in the 3rd century. One of the most important features of the age is the political and military break-through of the equestrian order. On the grounds of prosopographical investigations we demonstrate that Caerellius was most likely of African origin.
TERTULLIANI ADVERSUS IUDAEOS
TERTULLIANI ADVERSUS IUDAEOS
(TERTULLIANI ADVERSUS IUDAEOS)
- Author(s):Levente Pap
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Other Language Literature, Rhetoric
- Page Range:89-101
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Tertullian; techniques of argumentation; Adversus Iudaeos;
- Summary/Abstract:Tertullian was a person of paradoxes. There are problems around the limits of his life, his birth and death, there are contradictory data about his studies, his work (was he really a lawyer?), and there are paradoxes in his theology, in his technique of argumentation and in his style. One of the most paradoxical aspects of his work is that Tertullian, a person belonging to a religious community founded by a Jew and heavily relying on Jewish tenets, attacks the same Jews in his Adversus Iudaeos, 'Against the Jews'. The paper examines Tertullian's literary and rhetorical arsenal in this writing.
A DUNAI LIMES ÉS A KÁRPÁT-MEDENCE
A DUNAI LIMES ÉS A KÁRPÁT-MEDENCE
(THE LIMES ON THE DANUBE AND THE CARPATHIAN BASIN)
- Author(s):Tamás Gesztelyi
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Ancient World
- Page Range:103-113
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Pannonia; the Roman Republic; Celtic tribes; Danube; Romanization;
- Summary/Abstract:The Pannons living on the southern part of the later Roman province of Pannonia came in touch with Roman culture already towards the end of the Republic. The Celtic tribes living north of them have never organized themselves into a unified state, which facilitated the Roman occupation of the territories up to the Danube. The new province, though much less advanced than the territories occupied earlier by the Empire, due to a fast and deeply penetrating process of Romanization quickly caught up with the rest as evidenced by the linguistic and literary skills and the knowledge of mythology found on inscriptions and on products of material art. The limes not simply separated the Empire from the Barbarian territories, but also helped interaction. On its Pannonian section the Romans had the closest contacts with the Quad Kingdom. Ruins of Roman villa shave been unearthed in the valleys of the Vag and Morva rivers, which were built by the Romans to the Quad princes in return for their cooperation. Peaceful Romanization and the policy of allying with the neighbours were part of a Roman strategy without which the Roman Empire would not have been able to maintain its sway over large territories for several centuries.
MIK VOGYMUNK?
MIK VOGYMUNK?
(WHAT ARE WE?)
- Author(s):István Botár
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Ancient World, Culture and social structure , Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:115-122
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Szeklers; Dacian history; Roman history;
- Summary/Abstract:The author aims at the presentation of the Szeklers' attitude to the Dacian and Roman history and to the principle of the Dacian-Roman continuity (in Romania). Important Dacian-Roman occurrences in Szeklers' Land are presented. The author briefly sketches what damages the aggressive and propagandistic history writing had brought on in the appreciation of these two cultures before 1989. The negative attitude towards this matter is being strongly presented in our days.
A SZENT ISTVÁN-I INTELMEK ÉS A HOSPITES
A SZENT ISTVÁN-I INTELMEK ÉS A HOSPITES
(THE ADMONITIONS OF ST. STEPHEN AND THE HOSPITES)
- Author(s):László Havas
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Ancient World
- Page Range:123-127
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:Admonitions of St. Stephen; hospites; multiethnic country; Charlemagne;
- Summary/Abstract:The Admonitions of St. Stephen puts special emphasis on the hospites whose influx helps to avoid building a frail monolingual country. For a long time the text had been interpreted as expressing St. Stephen's ideas of a multiethnic country. The word regnum interpreted as 'country' in the text, however, in the 11th century meant not country but rather 'royal power', as well as 'royal court'. Following Charlemagne and the German Emperors St. Stephen's ideal was an open, multilingual royal court creating an erudite high culture. The bearers of this culture were the well-trained foreigners, priests, monks and knights. They brought with themselves the documenta, the written works that helped to elevate the Hungarian court to the standards of Europe. St. Stephen's aim, therefore, was not the building of a multiethnic state but of creating a learned political and cultural centre.
REMETE SZENT ANTAL KÜLÖNÖS EURÓPAI UTAZÁSA
REMETE SZENT ANTAL KÜLÖNÖS EURÓPAI UTAZÁSA
(SAINT ANTHONY THE ANCHORITE'S STRANGE JOURNEY IN EUROPE)
- Author(s):Mária Szikszai
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Ancient World
- Page Range:129-136
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Saint Anthony the Anchorite; translatio; relics of saints; the Orthodox Church; Érdy Codex;
- Summary/Abstract:Translatio, meaning 'moving the relics of saints to another place and cutting them up into pieces for the purpose of their cult' was first permitted by the Orthodox Church. The cult of relics came to be admitted by the Western Church only later. Following the Barbarian invasions, the monks and priests contributed to the cult and traded with relics. This is how the relics of Saint Anthony the Anchorite (251─356) were found and moved first to Alexandria (in 532), and later to Constantinople (in 635). Finally they arrived in France at the end of the 11th century. The translation of these relics is related in a series of narratives. The so-called mystical legends tell us about the miraculous force of these relics. At the same time, they keep alive the belief in their miraculous attributes. The single Hungarian translation of the legend can be found in the Érdy Codex. The exact place where the genuine relic was found cannot be determined.
HIBRIDITÁS ÉS NYELVPOLITIKA A MOGUL BIRODALOMBAN
HIBRIDITÁS ÉS NYELVPOLITIKA A MOGUL BIRODALOMBAN
(SYNCRETISM AND LANGUAGE POLICY IN THE MOGUL EMPIRE)
- Author(s):Imre Bangha
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Other Language Literature, 16th Century
- Page Range:137-153
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:Mogul Empire; North India; Persian; Hindavi; Rekhta;
- Summary/Abstract:The emperors and noblemen of the Mogul Empire in North India(1526─1857) patronised artistic, linguistic and perhaps religious syncretism during the first phase of the Empire. It is well known that the Mogul miniature painting has developed from a synthesis of Iranian, traditional Indian and European styles. Less attention has so far been paid to the poetry in mixed language with Persian, Hindavi (Hindi) and Turk words and phrases. Deconstructing some modern and pre-modern myths about mixed-language poetry, Rekhta, and examining its early history on the basis of reliably datable works and manuscripts, the paper shows that almost all early exponents of mixed-language poetry belonged to the Mogul courtly elite.
A GYERMEKKULTUSZ NÉHÁNY PÉLDÁJA A NÉPI KULTÚRÁBAN
A GYERMEKKULTUSZ NÉHÁNY PÉLDÁJA A NÉPI KULTÚRÁBAN
(SOME EXAPMPLES OF THE CULT OF CHILDREN IN POPULAR CULTURE)
- Author(s):Lajos Balázs
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology
- Page Range:155-168
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:popular customs; popular culture; children; peasant's culture;
- Summary/Abstract:In spite of the fact that it refers to some surprising parallels between popular customs and tales, this paper stresses that all genres of popular culture follow children with attention. This intellectual convergence comes to prove the existence of a special cult of children in the peasant's culture. In contrast with other cults, today's deformed cult for children is based on survival, rationalism and pragmatism. That it is lacking egoism and short sightedness, being the fundamental philosophy of a community's present and future.
A MÁRCIUSI FIATALOK CSOPORTIDENTITÁSÁRÓL
A MÁRCIUSI FIATALOK CSOPORTIDENTITÁSÁRÓL
(ON THE MARCH YOUTHS' GROUP IDENTITY)
- Author(s):Rita Ratzky
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):19th Century, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:169-178
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Parliamentary youth; Tízek Társasága; Sándor Petőfi; Hungarian University Society; József Irinyi; Pál Vasvári; 1848;
- Summary/Abstract:The 1848 revolution in Hungary was prepared and sparked off, among others, by the so-called "Parliamentary youth", the Tízek Társasága (The Society of Ten), founded in 1846. This literary group was led by Sándor Petőfi, the great Hungarian poet, while the members of the other one, led by Pál Vasvári, were university students. The Hungarian University Society was founded in January 1844 and was banned in October 1845. Its members belonged to the petty bourgeoisie, and their main subject of study was the history of the French revolutions. Some of them were excellent orators and journalists. The third group, the Opposition Circle, gathered the reform nobility whose leader was József Irinyi. Their group identity was formed by a community of principles and by the different attacks coming from the outside. By June 1848 the group had fallen out of grace because of its radicalism, republicanism and anti-governmental views. That meant the end of its historical role.
A ROMÁNIAI SZLOVÁK IRODALOM MEGHATÁROZÁSÁNAK KÉRDÉSEI
A ROMÁNIAI SZLOVÁK IRODALOM MEGHATÁROZÁSÁNAK KÉRDÉSEI
(DEFINITION OF SLOVAK MINORITY LITERATURE IN ROMANIA)
- Author(s):Dagmar Maria Anoca
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Slovak Literature
- Page Range:179-190
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Slovak-speaking literature; multilingualism; Jozef-Gregor-Tajovsky; Peter Suchansky; Pavol Bujtár; Ondrej Stefanko; Ivan Miroslav Ambrus;
- Summary/Abstract:In this paper the author treats the theoretical and practical problems raised by the analysis of literary phenomenon rotted in a national minority's life. Starting with the content of the idea, the term itself is questionable, too. The author in Slovak prefers slovenski literatúra v Rumunsku and in Romanian the Slovak-speaking literature of Romania. Presently the Slovak literature is considered to embrace every literary work written in Slovak, irrespective of the place and context it appears in, that is the Slovak-speaking literature of Romania can be included in it. The attention is focused in what follows on the context of the Slovak speaking literature of Romania, being detailed the history of Slovak communities in Romania, the different epochs of its development, the relationship between the oral (popular) tradition and the written literature, as well as specific aspects, multiculturalism and multilinguism, emphasizing the role of personalities who illustrate the author's theses such as Jozef-Gregor-Tajovsky, Peter Suchansky, Pavol Bujtár, Ondrej Stefanko, Ivan Miroslav Ambrus, and so on.
TÜKÖR ÁLTAL SZÍNRŐL SZÍNRE: AZ (ÖN)AZONOSSÁG (F)ELISMERÉSE
TÜKÖR ÁLTAL SZÍNRŐL SZÍNRE: AZ (ÖN)AZONOSSÁG (F)ELISMERÉSE
(THE RECOGNITION OF (SELF-)IDENTITY)
- Author(s):Orsolya Rákai
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:191-199
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:otherness; sameness; collective identity; imaginary social;
- Summary/Abstract:What is the meaning of "otherness" and "sameness" in a collective identity generated by a cult? How are they connected and how does their dynamics work? The images created by the procedures of a cult function as mirrors rendering the "imaginary social" (Ricoeur), the fictitious mixed with the real, open for social practice. Actually, they interfere with the waves of everyday life. This mirror contributes to the discovery of what is considered to be "true": a kind of symbolical window through which one can scrutinize one's true self.
A TÉR ÉS AZ IDŐ NEMZETIESÍTÉSE ÉS AZ IRODALMI KULTUSZOK
A TÉR ÉS AZ IDŐ NEMZETIESÍTÉSE ÉS AZ IRODALMI KULTUSZOK
(LITERARY CULTS AND THE NATIONALIZATION OF SPACE AND TIME)
- Author(s):József Takáts
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Hungarian Literature, Sociology of Culture
- Page Range:201-213
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:social space and time; 19th century; cult research;
- Summary/Abstract:The present paper attempts to place Hungarian literary cults in the context of the 19th-century nationalizing cultural unification of social space and time.
HEGYEK ÉS MÍTOSZOK, AVAGY A HEGYEK VÁLTOZÓ JELENTÉSE A MAGYAR MŰVÉSZETBEN
HEGYEK ÉS MÍTOSZOK, AVAGY A HEGYEK VÁLTOZÓ JELENTÉSE A MAGYAR MŰVÉSZETBEN
(MYTHS AND MOUNTAINS, OR THE CHANGING MEANINGS OF MOUNTAINS IN HUNGARIAN ART)
- Author(s):Katalin Keserü
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Visual Arts, Hungarian Literature
- Page Range:215-231
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:19th-century Hungarian; paintings; Tátra mountains;
- Summary/Abstract:I examine a large number of paintings from the 19th-century Hungarian art parallel with its literary equivalents which represent alps and mountain peaks. The Tátra mountains in the former Hungary were not cultic places in a traditional sense, their importance was individual and subjective. However, as a geographical region and, in the context of the 19th century cultural and social movements (embourgeoisement, journeys and tourism, secularization) it has a cult in art and the development of natural world views. Landscape, instead of the common rites of fixed dates and places became a space for individual (later mass) cults and paintings are their representations.
PANTEONIZÁCIÓ ÉS VIZUÁLIS REPREZENTÁCIÓ
PANTEONIZÁCIÓ ÉS VIZUÁLIS REPREZENTÁCIÓ
(THE NATIONAL PANTHEON AND ITS VISUAL REPRESENTATION)
- Author(s):Tibor Porkoláb
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Hungarian Literature
- Page Range:233-253
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:pantheonization; pantheon in Hungary;
- Summary/Abstract:My study tries to call attention on the connection of "pantheonization" (that is the lingual and non-lingual rites accompanying the admittance of an author in the national pantheon) and its visual representation which is regulated by the community. The reception of the idea of pantheon in Hungary in the 19th century illustrates the connection between great authors and their cult as great men, the institutional ceremonies dedicated to their memory, the idealization of their portraits.
A MÍTOSZ VIDÉKEIN
A MÍTOSZ VIDÉKEIN
(IN THE REGION OF MYTHS)
- Author(s):Bernadett Sulyok
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Hungarian Literature
- Page Range:255-266
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Mesopotamia; Bible; János Kodolányi;
- Summary/Abstract:This article is an attempt to present János Kodolányi's worldview as a novel writer, based on his works covering topics related to Mesopotamia and the Bible.
"RÁKÓCZI, AKÁRKI, JÖJJÖN VALAHÁRA!"
"RÁKÓCZI, AKÁRKI, JÖJJÖN VALAHÁRA!"
("RÁKÓCZI OR ANYONE ELSE, COME AT LAST!")
- Author(s):György Tverdota
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Hungarian Literature
- Page Range:267-276
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Endre Ady; kuruc; Kálmán Thaly;
- Summary/Abstract:The study of cults helps in solving special poetical problems, too. My lecture dedicated to Endre Ady's so called "kurucos" poems, tries to determine a formula of the connection between poetical events and those of a cult. The latter is not unknown for the contemporary reader who hasn't heard about Kálmán Thaly's not exactly legitim procedure. How he tried to raise the level of our not too worthy kuruc poetry by help of his own, that is false "kuruc" poems? As a conclusion I quote a poem by Ady written under the influence of Thaly.
AZ ADY-KULTUSZ HATÁSA AZ INDULÓ ERDÉLYI MAGYAR IRODALOM IDENTITÁSTUDATÁRA
AZ ADY-KULTUSZ HATÁSA AZ INDULÓ ERDÉLYI MAGYAR IRODALOM IDENTITÁSTUDATÁRA
(THE INFLUENCE OF ENDRE ADY'S CULT UPON THE BEGINNINGS OF THE HUNGARIAN LITERATURE OF TRANSYLVANIA)
- Author(s):Susana Monica Tapodi
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Hungarian Literature
- Page Range:277-284
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Endre Ady; Hungarian literature of Transylvania;
- Summary/Abstract:Endre Ady is connected to Transylvania by his birthplace, his school years (Carei, Zalău), the beginning of his career as a journalist in Oradea. Following the First World War, the Hungarian literature of Transylvania looked on his recently ended work as a model. The Hungarian literature of Transylvania in this epoch is more tolerant and progressive than the one of Hungary. Ady's cult manifested itself in pamphlets and monographs, as well as in memorial houses. In literary life it fostered the prophet role inherited from romanticism.
AZ ERDÉLYI KÖLTŐ ─ A REMÉNYIK-KULTUSZ FELÍVELÉSE ÉS MEGTÖRÉSE
AZ ERDÉLYI KÖLTŐ ─ A REMÉNYIK-KULTUSZ FELÍVELÉSE ÉS MEGTÖRÉSE
(THE TRANSYLVANIAN POET ─ THE SPLENDOUR AND FALL OF THE REMÉNYIK CULT)
- Author(s):Béla Pomogáts
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Hungarian Literature
- Page Range:285-292
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Sándor Reményik; canonization; János Babits; class-conscious internationalism;
- Summary/Abstract:Sándor Reményik's poetry was subject of cult already in his lifetime and got to be rapidly canonized. His cult revived following the poet's sudden death in 1941. Babits's early study emphasized the ethical, collective values of his work. However, these values are not of aesthetical nature. After 1947 the poet was rejected vehemently by the so-called class-conscious internationalism. His works were republished after 1980 by religious publishers, and found his way back to general acceptance in the nineties. Nevertheless, his entire oeuvre hasn't been published so far.
POLITIKAI KULTUSZ ─ VEZÉRKULTUSZ
POLITIKAI KULTUSZ ─ VEZÉRKULTUSZ
(THE POLITICAL CULT AND THE CULT OF THE LEADER)
- Author(s):Gábor Gyáni
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Governance, Political behavior, Social psychology and group interaction, Crowd Psychology: Mass phenomena and political interactions, Social Norms / Social Control
- Page Range:295-306
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:political cult; 20th century; leader;
- Summary/Abstract:What kind of social or psychological context can be sketched as a background of political cults in the 20th century? The need for a leader appears only when an overwhelming desire cannot be fulfilled by ordinary means. In these periods human beings not only fire up but also personify this desire. The collective craving is realized in a leader. In the society of our days the ritualization of political life deprives the individual of his autonomy. The charisma is rooted in the relationship between the individuals and is spread by the media, as well as penetrates the masses (Hitler, Stalin).
NEM, IDENTITÁS, (FILM)ELBESZÉLÉS
NEM, IDENTITÁS, (FILM)ELBESZÉLÉS
(GENDER, IDENTITY AND (FILM) NARRATIVE)
- Author(s):Judit Pieldner
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Film / Cinema / Cinematography, British Literature
- Page Range:307-314
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Virginia Woolf; Sally Potter; Orlando; gender; social-cultural identity;
- Summary/Abstract:The present study examines the relationship between narration and reflection in the medial versions of Orlando. The correspondences and differences of the narrative specificities of the novel and film draw the attention to the problem of identity. The rhetoric, the language of Virginia Woolf's novel subvert the social-cultural identity based on the binary opposition between the sexes. The adaptation of the novel, through its self-reflective strategies, focuses on the relationship between identity and narration, treating the problem of identity as a narrative aspect of the film.
NÉZŐPONT-PLURALIZMUS
NÉZŐPONT-PLURALIZMUS
(PLURALISM OF VIEWPOINTS)
- Author(s):Béla Bíró
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Theatre, Dance, Performing Arts, Sociology of the arts, business, education
- Page Range:315-321
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Medeea myth; Euripides; cultural relativism; ancient Greeks;
- Summary/Abstract:This study superimposes two possible interpretations: the antique and the postmodernist interpretation of the Medeea myth. Besides Aristotle's texts from his Rhetorics the starting points is Euripides' Medeea as it was presented in Sfântu Gheorghe by the Áron Tamási Theatre. In the interpretation of the Romanian director, Mihai Măniuțiu, Euripides' play deepens into an example of the theory of cultural relativism. Confronting Medeea, speaking old Greek (that can be regarded a kind of barbaric language from the point of view of the Hungarian spectator)and the ancient Greeks, Yason, Kreon speaking Hungarian (the mother tongue of the audience but again a kind of barbaric language in the ears of the Romanian people) is a perfect way to illustrate the essential equivalence of the cultures and the absurdity of all nationalistic and ethnocentric ideologies.
"EGY PHALANX"?
"EGY PHALANX"?
("A PHALANX"?)
- Author(s):Tibor Kosztolánczy
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Media studies, Hungarian Literature
- Page Range:323-348
- No. of Pages:26
- Keywords:A Hét; Hungarian literature;
- Summary/Abstract:According to a widely accepted theory, the authors of the periodical A Hét had to wage aesthetic war for being accepted as internal part of the Hungarian literature of the 1890s. This paper would like to revise this concept showing that the aim of this struggle cannot be defined by aesthetic terms and principles, on the contrary, this battle was fought for securing individual success, fame and literary influence.
A MAGATARTÁS KÉTÉRTELMŰSÉGE ─ ADRIAN PĂUNESCU KARRIERJE
A MAGATARTÁS KÉTÉRTELMŰSÉGE ─ ADRIAN PĂUNESCU KARRIERJE
(THE AMBIGUITY OF ATTITUDE ─ THE CAREER OF ADRIAN PĂUNESCU)
- Author(s):Andrei Bodiu
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Romanian Literature, Politics and society
- Page Range:349-352
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:Adrian Păunescu; Ceaușescu; Romanian Communist Party;
- Summary/Abstract:On his 60th birthday, the name of the poet Adrian Păunescu was given to a school. Păunescu is not the only one whose name is immortalized with him still alive. Many statues, memorial plaques are dedicated to people still alive. If one of them is sceptical about himself, he will face his statue and get courage. Păunescu's career began in the second plan of five years in the sixties. His first book was published in the year of the important 9th congress of the Romanian Communist Party when the party leader NicolaeCeau³escu inaugurated a very short liberal era. The leader then spoke of "a diversity of styles" as something admissible. This led to a remarkable literary movement joined by Păunescu, too. I drew a parallel between Păunescu's and Ceaușescu's careers for different reasons. First of all in communism it is impossible to understand literature without the influence of politics. On the other hand, more then anybody else, Păunescu as a poet clang close to Ceaușescu as a politician. Păunescu had a major contribution to the absurd personal cult of this communist leader. Many poets belonging to the group of the sixties illustrate the same party spirit.
IDENTITÁS ÉS NÉVHASZNÁLAT BODOR ÁDÁM REGÉNYEIBEN
IDENTITÁS ÉS NÉVHASZNÁLAT BODOR ÁDÁM REGÉNYEIBEN
(IDENTITY AND NAME IN ÁDÁM BODOR'S NOVELS)
- Author(s):Éva Bányai
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Hungarian Literature, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:353-361
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Ádám Bodor; The Sinistra Region; The Archbishop's Visit; geographical space; border identity;
- Summary/Abstract:The diverse names of the heroes of Ádám Bodor's prose and its place-names make possible many interpretation strategies. In this paper, I tried to sketch out the relationship between the names of the persons involved in the novels and their identities. In the novels entitled The Sinistra Region and The Archbishop's Visit, the Hungarian, Romanian, Ukranian, German, Armenian, Turkish, Jewish, Polish names make possible a regional interpretation of Bodor's prose work. It comes to light that not only the persons have a relative identity, but the geographical space too, that is why I considered it useful to determine it as a border identity. The Bodor-prose is characterized by an endemic narrative, the scenes in the novels function as narrative tropics, which give a map of them, having an independent role, the meaning of which is determined by the context.
IRODALOM ÉS IDENTITÁS
IRODALOM ÉS IDENTITÁS
(LITERATURE AND IDENTITY)
- Author(s):Károly Végh
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Hungarian Literature, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:363-375
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Mihály Czine; 20th century Hungarian literature; Hungarian identity; the Nyugat group; minority writers;
- Summary/Abstract:Mihály Czine played an important role in the 20th century Hungarian literature. His treatment of literary themes emphasized the problem of Hungarian identity, of community values. He was interested fundamentally in four aspects: the plebean writers of the Nyugat group (Zsigmond Móricz and Endre Ady), the so-called "popular" writers (Gyula Illyés, László Németh, Áron Tamási, Pál Szabó, Péter Veres) the representatives of the new generation (Ferenc Juhász, László Nagy, István Simon, Sándor Csoóri, Imre Sarkadi) and the minority writers from the neighbouring countries (Károly Kós, Edgár Balogh, András Sütő, Zoltán Fábry, László Dobos).
A kötet szerzői
A kötet szerzői
(The Authors of the Volume)
- Contributor(s):Levente Pap (Editor), Susana Monica Tapodi (Editor)
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences
- Page Range:405-406
- No. of Pages:2
